Abstract:The aim of this work is to characterize the ejection plume obtained by laser ablation of GaLaS (GLS) samples in order to better understand the ablation phenomena for optimizing the pulsed laser deposition of chalcogenide thin films. The dynamics of the plasma between target and substrate was investigated through timeand space-resolved optical emission spectroscopy. High-resolution optical spectra have been recorded in the UV-VIS range using a 500-mm focal length monochromator and a fast gate ICCD camera. From … Show more
“…For our experiments the resulting glass rods (25 mm in diameter) were sliced and polished. In order to study the laser ablation process on the chalcogenide glasses the experimental set-up shown in Figure 1 was employed [24,25]. The experiments were performed in a stainless steel vacuum chamber at a residual pressure of 10 -6 Torr.…”
Highlights ICCD images revealed the presence of three structures with distinct dynamics Space and time resolved OES measurements revealed the nature of each structure Increased velocities of all three structures were observed for Sb rich samples Excitation temperatures obtained by Boltzmann plots increased as Sb 2 Se 3 was added Plasma characteristics were correlated to the properties of the bulk samples
“…For our experiments the resulting glass rods (25 mm in diameter) were sliced and polished. In order to study the laser ablation process on the chalcogenide glasses the experimental set-up shown in Figure 1 was employed [24,25]. The experiments were performed in a stainless steel vacuum chamber at a residual pressure of 10 -6 Torr.…”
Highlights ICCD images revealed the presence of three structures with distinct dynamics Space and time resolved OES measurements revealed the nature of each structure Increased velocities of all three structures were observed for Sb rich samples Excitation temperatures obtained by Boltzmann plots increased as Sb 2 Se 3 was added Plasma characteristics were correlated to the properties of the bulk samples
“…Such double-structures are often reported in the literature for both fs-and ns-laser ablation, being observed for plume propagating in an ambient gas [14,15,20,88] and in vacuum for high-fluence irradiation [56,57,67,75]. Reports from literature usually present a difference of one order of magnitude between the expansion velocities of the two plasma components.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 84%
“…Based on our previous ICCD fast camera imaging and space-and time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy measurements, we know that these times are characteristic for the observation of the slow plasma component [55,56,67]. As expected, it resulted that all studied parameters have a significant space-time decrease, due to the cooling process and rarefaction during expansion ( Figure 7).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 86%
“…From a physical perspective, fractalization implies different statistics (from Levy-type movements to Brownian movements, either by means of non-Markovian processes or Markovian ones [63,98]) that are imposed by the fundamental processes involved in the plasma formation and expansion. In such context, we assumed that generally for laser ablation there are two main mechanisms responsible for the formation and expansion of two plasma structures [15,16,56,67,73,[80][81][82], which were previously experimentally evidenced. Thus, the first structure is a result of the electrostatic interactions, at very short time scale, the positive charge left on the target surface by electron laser excitation and detachment would accelerate the positive ions outwards the surface (Coulomb mechanism [13]).…”
During the last decade, our groups have performed systematic experimental studies on the characterization of plasma plumes generated by laser ablation in various temporal regimes (ns, ps, fs) on materials ranging from simple metals (Al, Cu, Mn, Ni, In, W, …) to more complex compounds (ceramics, chalcogenide glasses, ferrites). Optical (fast imaging and space-and time-resolved emission spectroscopy) and electrical (mainly Langmuir probe) methods have been applied to experimentally investigate the dynamics of the plasma plume and its constituents. Influence of the target physical (thermodynamic and electrical) parameters on the plasma dynamics has been studied. A mathematical correlation between the local and global plasma parameters and the physical properties of the target was proposed for the first time. Peculiar behaviors like plume splitting or plasma oscillations have been evidenced for high laser fluence ablation in vacuum. Along with results from the literature, our findings provide convincing arguments for the existence of multiple double-layers in the laser ablation plasma plume, in a scenario including two-temperature electrons. New fractal-based theoretical approaches have been developed to qualitatively and quantitatively account for the observed phenomena. The space and time evolution of expansion velocity, particle number, current density and plasma temperature were theoretically investigated.
“…The thickness of the above layered materials was in the micrometer scale, which was applied for the optical devices. Gurlui et al reported that the GaLaS, Er‐doped GaLaS, and Er/Pr codoped GaLaS glass thin films with the thickness in the micrometer scale have been prepared by the PLD approach (Figure ‐F). These glass films were all amorphous chalcogenides, and the increased temperature of substrate enhanced the crystallinity of the films.…”
Section: Materials Classification and Synthesismentioning
Chalcogenide thin films incorporating rare-earth (RE) elements with applications in optics, electronics, and magnetics have received considerable attention. Aiming at growing pure chalcogenides, dry-method syntheses have been developed. In this review, we summarize the progress thus far on lowdimensional RE-based chalcogenides (RECs), covering fabrication methods, structures, and applications. This review also provides the summary and perspectives of the challenges of fabrication and opportunities on the application of RECs in the future.chalcogenide, dry-method synthesis, rare earth elements
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