Plasma-derived exosome-like vesicles are enriched in lyso-phospholipids and pass the blood-brain barrier

Mork-Jansson, Astrid Elisabeth; Jakubec, Martin; Mapel-Grødem, Jodi; Akbari, Saleha; Nesse, Susanne; Halskau, Øyvind

doi:10.1101/2020.04.16.044628

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Exogenous PL, such as PC and lyso-PC, may cross the blood-brain barrier [31]. The developing brain can synthesize and take up DHA from blood vessels and incorporate B C A Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk fat globule membrane plus milk fat increase docosahexaenoic acid availability in infant formulas

et al. 2022

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Purpose Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) has components with emulsifier properties that could affect the provision of substrates to the brain. We evaluated the effects of MFGM plus milk fat addition to infant formulas on docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) availability and gut development. Methods In Experiment 1, suckling piglets were divided into 3 groups: Group L1 (n = 8): fed with a vegetal fat formula with palm oil; L2 (n = 8): canola oil formula and L3 (n = 8): milk fat + canola oil + 1% Lacprodan (3% MFGM of total protein content). In Experiment 2, Group L4 (n = 7): fed with canola oil + 1% Lacprodan (3% MFGM) and Group L5 (n = 5): milk fat + canola oil + 2% Lacprodan (6% MFGM). All formulas contained 0.2% DHA and 0.2% arachidonic acid. Results In Experiment 1, DHA was similar among the groups in both total fatty acids and plasma phospholipids (PL). However, 3% MFGM (L3) increased significantly the proportion of DHA and LC-PUFA n-3 in liver total fatty acids, jejunum, and also in jejunum PL respect to the other formulas. There were no changes in gut histology, cell proliferation, apoptosis, or brain DHA content. In Experiment 2, higher MFGM dose was used. Then, higher DHA was not only found in peripheral tissues of 6% MFGM (L5) piglets but also in plasma PL, while a similar trend was observed in cortex PL (p = 0.123). Conclusion In conclusion, MFGM plus milk fat may increase DHA availability of infant formulas which could contribute to their beneficial health effects.

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“…Exogenous PL, such as PC and lyso-PC, may cross the blood-brain barrier [31]. The developing brain can synthesize and take up DHA from blood vessels and incorporate B C A Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk fat globule membrane plus milk fat increase docosahexaenoic acid availability in infant formulas

et al. 2022

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“…After being secreted from the cell, a small portion of the EVs membrane ruptures to release its contents, such as growth factors, which are then used in adjacent cells [32]. In addition, EVs can travel between cells, moving to areas adjacent to tissues to function in paracrine way and also to distant body fluids, such as serum, lymph and cerebrospinal fluid, to intercellular communicate [33]. EVs can deliver cargo into the cytoplasm of target cells to perform intercellular communication through membrane fusion [34].…”

Section: Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Immunomodulatory Effects and Potential Applications in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Xing

Zhang

et al. 2022

Stem Cells International

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Intervertebral disc (IVD) degenerative disease is a common health problem worldwide. Administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) has been widely explored in recent years. However, transplantation of MSCs is restricted by several factors. Currently, paracrine signaling is one of the main mechanisms by which MSCs play a therapeutic role in disc regeneration. Extracellular vehicles (EVs) are the main paracrine products of MSCs. They show great potential as an effective alternative to MSCs and play immunomodulation roles such as anti-inflammatory effects, antioxidative stress, antiapoptosis, and antiextracellular matrix (ECM) degradation during treatment of IVDD. This review focuses on the immunomodulatory effect of MSC EVs and their potential applications.

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Exosome-Derived MicroRNAs of Human Milk and Their Effects on Infant Health and Development

Melnik

Stremmel²,

Weiskirchen

et al. 2021

Biomolecules

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Multiple biologically active components of human milk support infant growth, health and development. Milk provides a wide spectrum of mammary epithelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MEVs) for the infant. Although the whole spectrum of MEVs appears to be of functional importance for the growing infant, the majority of recent studies report on the MEV subfraction of milk exosomes (MEX) and their miRNA cargo, which are in the focus of this review. MEX and the dominant miRNA-148a play a key role in intestinal maturation, barrier function and suppression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling and may thus be helpful for the prevention and treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis. MEX and their miRNAs reach the systemic circulation and may impact epigenetic programming of various organs including the liver, thymus, brain, pancreatic islets, beige, brown and white adipose tissue as well as bones. Translational evidence indicates that MEX and their miRNAs control the expression of global cellular regulators such as DNA methyltransferase 1—which is important for the up-regulation of developmental genes including insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, α-synuclein and forkhead box P3—and receptor-interacting protein 140, which is important for the regulation of multiple nuclear receptors. MEX-derived miRNA-148a and miRNA-30b may stimulate the expression of uncoupling protein 1, the key inducer of thermogenesis converting white into beige/brown adipose tissue. MEX have to be considered as signalosomes derived from the maternal lactation genome emitted to promote growth, maturation, immunological and metabolic programming of the offspring. Deeper insights into milk’s molecular biology allow the conclusion that infants are both “breast-fed” and “breast-programmed”. In this regard, MEX miRNA-deficient artificial formula is not an adequate substitute for breastfeeding, the birthright of all mammals.

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Plasma-derived exosome-like vesicles are enriched in lyso-phospholipids and pass the blood-brain barrier

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Milk fat globule membrane plus milk fat increase docosahexaenoic acid availability in infant formulas

Milk fat globule membrane plus milk fat increase docosahexaenoic acid availability in infant formulas

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Immunomodulatory Effects and Potential Applications in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Exosome-Derived MicroRNAs of Human Milk and Their Effects on Infant Health and Development

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