Plasma contamination with electrode metal vapor jets

Kołaciński, Zbigniew

doi:10.1007/bf00575134

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The ring electrode is made of Cu and exhibits an inner diameter of 20 mm. This geometry minimizes plasma instabilities related to interacting anodic and cathodic plasma jets [7,17]. As shown in figure 1(a), a Macor cap is mounted on the cylindrical electrode, limiting the interface of the latter with air to 17 mm 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stark shift measurement as a temperature diagnostic of Cu-dominated thermal plasmas

Corfdir¹,

Lantz²,

Abplanalp³

et al. 2019

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigate the temperature-dependence of the light emission properties of Cu-dominated plasmas with pressures in the order of 1 bar and for currents between 0 and 2 kA. While the wavelength of Cu I 3d 9 4s5s transitions for currents above 1 kA is essentially constant, a 0.1 nm Stark blueshift is observed with decreasing current from 1 kA to zero. Using a lineshape analysis of the light emission spectra, which is based on solving a one-dimensional radiative transfer equation along the line-of-sight across the arc, we show that the transition wavelength increases linearly with temperatures in the 5000-10 000 K range. Based on this observation, we propose a simple method for the temperature diagnostic of plasmas that neither requires an absolute calibration of the intensity of the detected signal, nor complex simulation tools.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stark shift measurement as a temperature diagnostic of Cu-dominated thermal plasmas

Corfdir¹,

Lantz²,

Abplanalp³

et al. 2019

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…From 100 A to 300 A, as marked by blue dashed ellipse, almost all droplets from the tungsten-copper electrode are ejected from the anode and most reach the cathode region, providing evidence that the anode jet is stronger than the cathode jet. However, for a current of 400 A, some droplets are sputtered from cathode (see the region marked by red dashed ellipse), and more droplets from the anode have trajectories to either side of the cathode, implying that many ejected droplets move horizontally due to the interaction between the cathode jet and the anode jet [27]. Another difference from figure 8(a) is that there is no significant change in the droplet size with increasing current.…”

Section: Visualization and Mechanisms Of Splashing Erosion Of Electro...mentioning

confidence: 90%

Visualization and mechanisms of splashing erosion of electrodes in a DC air arc

Cui

Rong

et al. 2017

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The splashing erosion of electrodes in a DC atmospheric-pressure air arc has been investigated by visualization of the electrode surface and the sputtered droplets, and tracking of the droplet trajectories, using image processing techniques. A particle tracking velocimetry algorithm has been introduced to measure the sputtering velocity distribution. Erosion of both tungsten–copper and tungsten–ceria electrodes is studied; in both cases electrode erosion is found to be dominated by droplet splashing rather than metal evaporation. Erosion is directly influenced by both melting and the formation of plasma jets, and can be reduced by the tuning of the plasma jet and electrode material. The results provide an understanding of the mechanisms that lead to the long lifetime of tungsten–copper electrodes, and may provide a path for the design of the electrode system subjected to electric arc to minimize erosion.

show abstract

“…This maximum typically occurred within 1 ms to 2 ms of the current peak. It is possible to estimate the expansion of the electrode vapor jet from these measurements by modeling the jet as a cone with an axially varying density distribution, similar to the treatment found in [15]. This treatment, with the assumption of a radially uniform vapor pressure distribution inside the cone, yields the following expression for the expansion angle:…”

Section: B Electrode Vapor Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cu/W Electrode Ablation and Its Influence on Free-Burning Arcs in SF₆ Alternatives

Engelbrecht

Pietrzak

Franck

2022

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A free-burning arc experiment was performed in a gas mixture composed of CO2 / O2 / C5F10O (85 % / 10 % / 5 %). An optical emission spectroscopy diagnostic was developed to obtain spatially resolved arc spectra at a high frame-rate. Spectral measurements are compared with simulated spectra to estimate arc parameters including temperature and composition. These techniques are used to characterize the arc and its associated electrode jets over a range of conditions, in order to study the influence of ablated Cu/W on arc characteristics. The observed spectra indicate that the ablation of the contact tip primarily occurs through vaporization rather than the expulsion of droplets. The metal vapor content of the arc is investigated as the arc driving current is varied, and a transition threshold for increased ablation at electrode current densities above 50 A mm −2 is determined. The expansion angle of the electrode jet is estimated from the concentration of metal vapor in the arcing region at different axial positions, using a basic conical expansion model. The dependence of the measured voltage on the arc composition is examined, and a positive correlation between Cu content and arc voltage is identified. This trend is attributed to the higher emissivity of the metal vapor, which suppresses the central arc temperature and increases its resistivity.

show abstract

Plasma contamination with electrode metal vapor jets

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Stark shift measurement as a temperature diagnostic of Cu-dominated thermal plasmas

Stark shift measurement as a temperature diagnostic of Cu-dominated thermal plasmas

Visualization and mechanisms of splashing erosion of electrodes in a DC air arc

Cu/W Electrode Ablation and Its Influence on Free-Burning Arcs in SF₆ Alternatives

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About