Plasma Centrifuge

Krishnan, M.; Geva, M.; Hirshfield, J. L.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.46.36

Cited by 103 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Therefore, a 20 cm radius plasma with a density of 10 14 /cm 3 and temperature of 10 eV would have a separative power of 800 MT/year, equal to the Rokkasho plant. Larger and denser plasmas are easily conceivable [5,9].…”

Section: Nuclear Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

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Metrics for comparing plasma mass filters

Fetterman

Fisch

2011

Physics of Plasmas

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High-throughput mass separation of nuclear waste may be useful for optimal storage, disposal, or environmental remediation. The most dangerous part of nuclear waste is the fission product, which produces most of the heat and medium-term radiation. Plasmas are well-suited to separating nuclear waste because they can separate many different species in a single step. A number of plasma devices have been designed for such mass separation, but there has been no standardized comparison between these devices. We define a standard metric, the separative power per unit volume, and derive it for three different plasma mass filters: the plasma centrifuge, Ohkawa filter, and the magnetic centrifugal mass filter.

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Section: Nuclear Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The plasma centrifuge has been studied for decades. Early experiments were limited by the Alfven critical ionization velocity (CIV), while later ones had limited throughput because of pulsed operation [2,8,9]. These limits might be overcome by driving rotation with radio frequency waves [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metrics for comparing plasma mass filters

Fetterman

Fisch

2011

Physics of Plasmas

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“…Such a plasma uses a low voltage ($30 V) arc discharge to generate a highly ionized plasma [7], the ions of which consist exclusively of the cathode material. The plasma is created in a vacuum arc discharge, so can be sustained in otherwise ultrahigh vacuum ($10 À8 Torr) conditions.…”

Section: Energetic Condensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energetic condensation growth of Nb thin films

Krishnan

Valderrama

James

et al. 2012

Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams

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This paper describes energetic condensation growth of Nb films using a cathodic arc plasma, whose 60-120 eV ions penetrate a few monolayers into the substrate and enable sufficient surface mobility to ensure that the lowest energy state (crystalline structure with minimal defects) is accessible to the film. Heteroepitaxial films of Nb were grown on a-plane sapphire and MgO crystals with good superconducting properties and crystal size (10 mm Â 20 mm) limited only by substrate size. The substrates were heated to temperatures of up to 700 C and coated at 125 C, 300 C, 500 C, and 700 C. Film thickness was varied from $0:25 m to >3 m. Residual resistivity ratio (hRRRi) values (up to a record hRRRi ¼ 587 on MgO and hRRRi ¼ 328 on a-sapphire) depend strongly on substrate annealing and deposition temperatures. X-ray diffraction spectra and pole figures reveal that RRR increases as the crystal structure of the Nb film becomes more ordered, consistent with fewer defects and, hence, longer electron mean-free path. A transition from Nb(110) to Nb(100) orientation on the MgO(100) lattice occurs at higher temperatures. This transition is discussed in light of substrate heating and energetic condensation physics. Electron backscattered diffraction and scanning electron microscope images complement the XRD data.

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“…The potential of rotating plasmas for discriminating elements based on atomic mass has long been recognized 1,2 , and led to the development of plasma centrifuges for isotope separation [3][4][5][6] . However, only recently have plasmas been suggested for separating elements with large mass differences [7][8][9][10][11][12] , such as needed for legacy waste disposal or spent fuel reprocessing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drift and separation in collisionality gradients

et al. 2017

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We identify a single-particle drift resulting from collisional interactions with a background species, in the presence of a collisionality gradient and background net flow. We analyze this drift in different limits, showing how it reduces to the well known impurity pinch for high-Z i impurities. We find that in the low-temperature, singly-ionized limit, the magnitude of the drift becomes mass-dependent and energy-dependent. By solving for the resulting diffusion-advection motion, we propose a mass-separation scheme that takes advantage of this drift, and analyze the separative capability as a function of collisionally dissipated energy.

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Plasma Centrifuge

Cited by 103 publications

References 6 publications

Metrics for comparing plasma mass filters

Metrics for comparing plasma mass filters

Energetic condensation growth of Nb thin films

Drift and separation in collisionality gradients

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