Plasma Ascorbic Acid Levels of Chicks with Fowl Typhoid

Hill, Charles H.; Garren, Henry W.

doi:10.3382/ps.0370236

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…7). DISCUSSION Plasma AA has been shown to be reduced in chicks experiencing stress (Satterfield et al, 1940;Hill and Garren, 1958;Perek and Kendler, 1963;Nockels et al, 1973). Hill and Garren (1958) speculated that AA is an essential nutrient in chicks that are experiencing stress.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Specifically, AA depletion from die adrenals (Siegel, 1980) and plasma AA (Hill and Garren, 1958;Perek and Kendler, 1963;Nockels et ai, 1973) has been reported when chickens experience physiological stress. General reticuloendothelial function may decline during depletion of AA from leucocytes due to reduced phagocytic ability of the cells (Wilson, 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Evidence for Amelioration of Steroid-Mediated Immunosuppression by Ascorbic Acid

Pardue

Thaxton

1984

Poultry Science

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Four experiments were conducted to determine if supplemental ascorbic acid (AA) would ameliorate the immunosuppression induced by exogenous cortisol (COL). Supplemental AA was provided in the diets at levels of 0 and 1000 ppm. Administration of COL significantly lowered plasma AA at both 0 and 10 days postimmunization, and AA supplementation elevated plasma AA at both times. Cortisol-treated chicks exhibited significantly reduced agglutinins to sheep red blood cells but not to Brucella abortus. Supplemental AA significantly ameliorated the immunosuppression associated with exogenous COL and may serve as an antiimmunosuppressive agent in the chicken.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Evidence for Amelioration of Steroid-Mediated Immunosuppression by Ascorbic Acid

Pardue

Thaxton

1984

Poultry Science

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“…Previous studies have reported that infectious diseases in chickens reduce levels of AA in plasma and tissues. For example, Hill and Garren (1958) demonstrated this after infection of chickens with Salmonella gallinarum ; however, it was also found that dietary supplementation with vitamin C (1,000 mg/kg) prevents depletion of AA and reduces mortality. Kechik and Sykes (1979) studied the effect of intestinal coccidiosis ( E. acervulina ) on blood plasma and tissue AA concentrations in chickens.…”

Section: Vitamin Cmentioning

confidence: 98%

Centennial Review: Effects of vitamins A, D, E, and C on the chicken immune system

et al. 2021

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Vitamins are nutritional elements which are necessary for essential activities such as development, growth, and metabolism of cells. In addition to these conventional functions, vitamins A, D, E, and C have vital roles in normal function of the immune system as their deficiency is known to impair innate and adaptive host responses. By altering transcription of multiple immune system genes and contributing to antioxidant activities, these vitamins influence the immune system in different ways including modulation of cell-mediated and antibody-mediated responses, immunoregulation, and antiinflammatory effects. Furthermore, supplementation of these vitamins to poultry may assist the immune system to combat microbial pathogens while reducing detrimental effects associated with stress and enhancing responses to vaccines. In this article, the relationship between the chicken immune system and vitamins A, D, E, and C is reviewed, and evidence from the literature pertaining to how these vitamins exert their antiinflammatory, regulatory, and antimicrobial effects is discussed.

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“…Panda et al (1964) reported that the severe depletion at this stage was accompanied by hypertrophy of the liver. Hill (1962) Hill (1962) Hill (1962) Hill (1962 Hill and Garren (1958) Hill (1962) Hill (1962) Hill (1962) Hill (1962) Hill (1962 Panda and Combs(1963) Panda and Combs (1963) Panda and Combs (1963) Tagwerker (1962) Squibb et al (1955) Tagwerker (1962) Squibb et al (1955) Squibb et al (1955) Tagwerker (1962) Squibb et al (1955) Squibb et al (1955) Squibb et al (1955 Boyd and E.dwards (1962) Heinzerling et al (1974) Tagwerker (1962 Abbotts al. (1960) Boyd and Edwards (1962) Pantothenic acid.…”

Section: Survey Of Evidencementioning

confidence: 95%

Disease, Nutrition—Interaction

Wilgus

1980

Poultry Science

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Practical implications of interactions between disease and vitamins in poultry were sought in the readily available literature. The evidence, almost exclusively in chickens, is in accord with that reported in other animals and man, namely 1) dietary vitamin deficiencies can impair body defense mechanisms against disease and 2) occurrence of disease can increase vitamin requirements.Information on viral infections is inadequate and conflicting. Slight indications exist for positive interactions with ascorbic acid and for antagonistic ones with vitamin A.Studies on bacterial diseases involved 7 organisms, 11 vitamins, and 29 observations of which 25 (86%) indicated positive interactions. Those on parasitic infestations involved 9 organisms, 9 vitamins, and 55 observations of which 45 (82%) indicated interactions. The major evidence for interaction between individual vitamins and disease categories was for vitamin A and ascorbic acid in bacterial infections and for vitamins A and K in parasitic infestations.The numbers of confirming studies on individual diseases and vitamins deemed to be reasonably adequate to demonstrate specific interactions were limited to vitamin A in coccidiosis, in ascariasis, and probably in infectious coryza and of vitamin K in coccidiosis.Despite the paucity of specific and quantitative evidence, it appears likely that vitamin levels in chick rations containing generous margins of safety, as referred, should be adequate to meet the increased requirements caused by most diseases. However, when liver reserves of vitamin A are depleted, notably by severe coccidiosis, the effects may be ameliorated and recovery may be aided by additional vitamin A and possibly other fat-soluble vitamins. Decision for such augmentation, selection of formulation, and mode and duration of administration require collaboration of the pathologist and nutritionist familiar with the particular circumstances.It has not been proven that vitamins exert a pharmacodynamic effect or that they will replace the use of appropriate prophylactic or therapeutic drugs. Multidisciplinary research on specific nutrient requirements as affected by specific disease entities is sorely needed.

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Plasma Ascorbic Acid Levels of Chicks with Fowl Typhoid

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Evidence for Amelioration of Steroid-Mediated Immunosuppression by Ascorbic Acid

Evidence for Amelioration of Steroid-Mediated Immunosuppression by Ascorbic Acid

Centennial Review: Effects of vitamins A, D, E, and C on the chicken immune system

Disease, Nutrition—Interaction

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