Plasma and Urine Neutrophil Gelatinase–Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) in Dogs with Acute Kidney Injury or Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

BackgroundNeutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a protein that is used in human medicine as a real‐time indicator of acute kidney injury (AKI).HypothesisDogs with AKI have significantly higher plasma NGAL concentration and urine NGAL‐to‐creatinine ratio (UNCR) compared with healthy dogs and dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Animals18 healthy control dogs, 17 dogs with CKD, and 48 dogs with AKI.MethodsOver a period of 1 year, all dogs with renal azotemia were prospectively included. Urine and plasma samples were collected during the first 24 hours after presentation or after development of renal azotemia. Plasma and urine NGAL concentrations were measured with a commercially available canine NGAL Elisa Kit (Bioporto® Diagnostic) and UNCR was calculated. A single‐injection plasma inulin clearance was performed in the healthy dogs.ResultsMedian (range) NGAL plasma concentration in healthy dogs, dogs with CKD, and AKI were 10.7 ng/mL (2.5–21.2), 22.0 ng/mL (7.7–62.3), and 48.3 ng/mL (5.7–469.0), respectively. UNCR was 2 × 10−8 (0–46), 1,424 × 10−8 (385–18,347), and 2,366 × 10−8 (36–994,669), respectively. Dogs with renal azotemia had significantly higher NGAL concentrations and UNCR than did healthy dogs (P < .0001 for both). Plasma NGAL concentration was significantly higher in dogs with AKI compared with dogs with CKD (P = .027).Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePlasma NGAL could be helpful to differentiate AKI from CKD in dogs with renal azotemia.

Neutrophil Gelatinase‐Associated Lipocalin in Cats with Naturally Occurring Chronic Kidney Disease

“…In our study, pNGAL was not significantly related to CKD in cats. However, in dogs, pNGAL represents a strong and independent marker for predicting the progression of kidney disease . Plasma NGAL originates not only from damaged kidneys but also from other organs.…”

Correlation of Urine and Serum Biomarkers with Renal Damage and Survival in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Proteinuric Chronic Kidney Disease

“…Urine immunoglobulin G (uIgG) and urine retinol binding protein (uRBP) were increased in dogs with primary CKD7 and those with renal dysfunction secondary to various systemic diseases including pyometra, babesiosis, and snake envenomation 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. Urine, plasma, and serum neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) and urine N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase (uNAG), a renal tubular enzyme, are tubular markers increased in both acute and CKD in dogs 7, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22. Neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin originates not only in the renal tubules but also from neutrophil granules and many other organs 23.…”

Conceitos E Aplicabilidade Dos Principais Biomarcadores Na Nefrologia Veterinária – Revisão De Literatura

“…Já a creatinina sérica é o biomarcador endógeno mais amplamente utilizado (HONKAMP e NABITY, 2016), pela pequena variação intra individual (STEINBACH et al 2014), podendo dessa forma, ser utilizada tanto para a doença renal crônica quanto para a lesão renal aguda (MACEDO, 2011). No entanto, deve ser analisado com cautela, devido ao fato de que sua concentração poder sofrer variações por fatores não renais como sexo, idade, peso corporal, índice de hidratação (PERES et al 2014), massa e metabolismo muscular, estado nutricional e anorexia (PALACIO et al, 1997;PERES et al 2014).…”

“…Em estudo realizado por Steinbach et al (2014) evidenciou-se que a NGAL sérica canina é menos sensível que a urinária, isso ocorre devido a ativação da lipocalina-2 responsável por codificar NGAL sérica, além de a capacidade de filtração renal estar diminuída em casos de lesão renal aguda reduzindo a depuração de NGAL urinária.…”