Concepts and applicability of main biomarkers in veterinary nephrology -literature review RESUMO ABSTRACTOs biomarcadores são substâncias específicas de um órgão ou tecido sob investigação, que são produzidas ou liberadas proporcionalmente à injúria ou doença intercorrente. Na nefrologia a análise dos biomarcadores renais permitiu melhor entendimento das doenças, diagnóstico precoce, além de respostas à terapia. Porém, na veterinária ainda existem muitas lacunas não respondidas ou com resultados questionáveis. O objetivo desta revisão de literatura foi abordar temas referentes aos principais biomarcadores renais visando sua realização técnica e aplicabilidade clínica. Biomarcadores, como a cistina C, a lipocalina associada com gelatinase de neutrófilos (NGAL), N-acetil-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), a gama glumatiltransferase urinária (GGT urinária), interleucina 18 (IL-18) e a dimetilarginina simétrica (SDMA) serão abordadas nessa revisão. Conclui-se que apesar dos biomarcadores renais serem uma ferramenta promissora para diagnóstico precoce, prognóstico e auxiliar no tratamento de nefropatias são ainda necessários maiores estudos na medicina veterinária buscando identificar suas particularidades clínicas.Palavras-chave: Doença renal crônica, lesão renal aguda, diagnóstico precoce.TBiomarkers are specific substances of an organ or tissue under investigation that are produced or released proportionally to the injury or disease. In nephrology the renal biomarkers allowed a better understanding of the disease, early diagnosis, and response to the therapy. However, there are still many unanswered or questionable gaps in veterinary medicine. The objective of this literature review was to discuss topics related to the renal biomarkers and their technical realization and clinical applicability. New biomarkers, such as cystine C, lipocalin associated with neutrophil gelatinase (NGAL), N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), urinary glutathyltransferase (urinary GGT), interleukin 18 (IL-18) and Symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA) will be addressed in this review. It is concluded that although renal biomarkers are a promising tool for early diagnosis, prognosis and help in the treatment of nephropathies, further studies in veterinary medicine are still necessary to identify their clinical characteristics and relevance.
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