Plasma and Tissue Depletion of Florfenicol and Florfenicol-amine in Chickens

Abstract

Chickens were used to investigate plasma disposition of florfenicol after single intravenous (i.v.) and oral dose (20 mg kg-1 body weight) and to study residue depletion of florfenicol and its major metabolite florfenicol-amine after multiple oral doses (40 mg kg-1 body weight, daily for 3 days). Plasma and tissue samples were analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. After i.v. and oral administration, plasma concentration-time curves were best described by a two-compartment open model. The mean [ +/- standard deviation (SD)] elimination half-life (t1/2beta) of florfenicol in plasma was 7.90 +/- 0.48 and 8.34 +/- 0.64 h after i.v. and oral administration, respectively. The maximum plasma concentration was 10.23 +/- 1.67 microg mL-1, and the interval from oral administration until maximal concentration was 0.63 +/- 0.07 h. Oral bioavailability was found to be 87 +/- 16%. Florfenicol was converted to florfenicol-amine. After multiple oral dose (40 mg kg-1 body weight, daily for 3 days), in kidney and liver, concentrations of florfenicol (119.34 +/- 31.81 and 817.34 +/- 91.65 microg kg-1, respectively) and florfenicol-amine (60.67 +/- 13.05 and 48.50 +/- 13.07 microg kg-1, respectively) persisted for 7 days. The prolonged presence of residues of florfenicol and florfenicol-amine in edible tissues can play an important role in human food safety, because the compounds could give rise to a possible health risk. A withdrawal time of 6 days was necessary to ensure that the residues of florfenicol were less than the maximal residue limits or tolerance established by the European Union.

Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of Florfenicol Oral Solution Formulations (Flonicol® and Veterin®10%) in Broiler Chickens

“…The C max was 9.02 ± 0.68 and 9.20 ± 0.77 μg/ml achieved at 01.02 ± 0.13 and 01.05 ± 0.30h (t max ) for Flonicol ® and Veterin ® 10%, respectively. The C max obtained in the present study were similar to those reported previously in chickens at a dose level of 20mg/kg bw (10.23 ± 1.67 μg/ml) [31], higher than those reported in chickens at a dose level of 30 mg/kg bw (5.82 ± 2.43 and 3.20 ± 0.20 μg/ml) [15,24] similar to those reported in E. coli infected broiler chickens (7.9 ± 3.00 μg/ml) [17] and lower than those reported in turkeys (12.25 ± 2.62 μg/ml) [7]. The observed t max was similar to those reported in healthy broiler chickens (1.05 ± 0.07h and 1.35 ± 0.43h) [15,16] and E. coli infected broiler chickens (1.1 ± 0.43h) [5] but shorter than those reported in turkeys (2.0 ± 1.22h) [7].…”

“…The t 1//2β was similar to those data reported in chickens (1.78 ± 0.19) [15] and E.coli infected broiler chickens (1.73 ± 0.25h) [17] and shorter than those reported in turkeys (3.76h) [7] and chickens in other studies (8.34 +/-0.64h and 2.25 ± 0.53h) [13,31]. Differences between studies in chickens could be attributable to differences in the pharmacokinetic analysis (fitting to 1-versus 2-compartment models versus noncompartmental models).…”

Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic integration and modelling of florfenicol in calves

“…The pharmacokinetic profile of florfenicol has been described in chickens (Shen et al ., ; Anadon et al ., ), turkeys (Switala et al ., ), pigs (Li et al ., ; Liu et al ., ), dogs (Park et al ., ), rabbits (Koc et al ., ) and sheep (Lane et al ., ). Florfenicol pharmacokinetics has also been reported in adult cattle (Bretzlaff et al ., ; Varma et al ., ; Soback et al ., ) and calves (Varma et al ., ; Adams et al ., ; Lobell et al ., ; De Craene et al ., ).…”

Pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin in edible tissues of healthy and experimentally infected pigs withActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

“…In the most cases pharmacokinetics and the tissue depletion of antibiotics have been studied in healthy animals (Anadón et al 2008;El-Gendi et al 2010;Anadón et al 2011;Anadón et al 2012;Li et al 2013), and influence of infection on the tissue pharmacokinetics is studied very rarely (AgersØ and Friis 1998;Ding et al 2013). …”