Plasma-activated medium induces A549 cell injury via a spiral apoptotic cascade involving the mitochondrial–nuclear network

The Antitumor Effect of Singlet Oxygen

“…PAM has selective antitumor effects in vitro (72)(73)(74)(75)(76)(77)(78)(79)(80) and in vivo (73) even hours after treatment of medium with CAP. This stability over time excludes hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anions, singlet oxygen, peroxynitrite and peroxynitrous acid as possible mediators of the PAM effect on tumor cells and tumors, as these species are short-lived.…”

The Canady Helios Cold Plasma Scalpel Significantly Decreases Viability in Malignant Solid Tumor Cells in a Dose-Dependent Manner

“…Several theories have been proposed, including a decrease of cell adhesion [21,22], interruption of the cell cycle [23][24][25], induction of apoptosis [26][27][28][29], and DNA fragmentation [30]. However, it is not yet clear whether CAP-generated reactive species are crucial for apoptosis and its associated DNA strand break or whether plasma-induced direct DNA damage provokes cell cycle checkpoint signaling that leads to apoptosis [31].…”

Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells with the Canady Cold Plasma Conversion System: Preliminary Results

“…In particular, the research of CAP as a potential oncotherapeutic approach has thrived over the past decade and the mechanism is been increasingly understood [12][13][14][15][16]. It is widely reported that CAP deactivated more than 20 types of cancer in vitro by inducing apoptosis [17][18][19], cell cycle arrest [20][21][22], endoplasmic reticulum stress [23,24] and DNA damage [25][26][27]. CAP has also been shown to significantly reduce tumor volume in an in vivo murine model following s phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis [28].…”