Plants, fungi and oomycetes: a 400‐million year affair that shapes the biosphere

Selosse, Marc‐André; Strullu‐Derrien, Christine; Martin, Francis; Kamoun, Sophien; Kenrick, Paul

doi:10.1111/nph.13371

Cited by 105 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…BIO Web of Conferences This is consistent with the hypothesis that Glomeromycetes have accompanied Embryophyta since their first appearance [45] and that algal ancestors were helped to exploit the substrate by fungi. Plants from the Rhynie Chert are devoid of roots, so that exploration of soil was unlikely to be autonomous.…”

Section: -P9supporting

confidence: 83%

Origins of the terrestrial flora: A symbiosis with fungi?

Selosse

Strullu‐Derrien

2015

BIO Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Land phototrophs need to exploit both atmosphere (providing gas and light) and substrate (furnishing water and minerals). Yet, their algal ancestors were poorly preadapted to such a life at the interface. We review the paleontological evidence that fungal symbioses which can exploit substrate resources, helped adaptation to land constraints. Diverse structures dating back to the Devonian present convincing evidence for lichens, (symbioses between fungi and microscopic algae) but fossils remain scarce, so that early lichen abundance and ecological relevance remain questionable. Several enigmatic but abundant fossils from the Siluro-Devonian, such as Spongiophyton or the giant Prototaxites (Nematophytes), likely represent fungus-algal symbioses, which shaped early terrestrial ecosystems. Yet, these taxa are fully extinct, and do not have clear affinities with extant groups. Finally, terrestrialization of Embryophyta (land plants), which currently dominate land ecosystems, is linked to a symbiosis with Glomeromycetes. Today, these fungi form arbuscular mycorrhizae, which help most Embryophyta to exploit soil, and molecular data combined with paleontological evidence support the idea that this type of association is ancestral. The role of symbiotic Mucoromycetes during terrestrialization is not fully understood and mycorrhizal association diversified later in the evolution of Embryophyta. Fungal-algal symbioses thus recurrently contributed to terrestrialization of phototrophs.

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Section: -P9supporting

confidence: 83%

Origins of the terrestrial flora: A symbiosis with fungi?

Selosse

Strullu‐Derrien

2015

BIO Web of Conferences

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“…Symbioses with Glomeromycota-like fungi are hypothesized to have occurred during an early phase of land plant terrestrialization and to have contributed significantly to the global colonization of land [[5,18-20], see also [21]]. Motivated not least by these observations, there is a growing body of literature on bryophyte–fungus interactions.…”

Section: Fungal Symbioses Exemplify Ancient Plant-microbe Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned earlier, Glomeromycota-like fungi feature in discussions revolving around the beneficial symbioses that the earliest land plants engaged in [19,20]. Delaux et al [18] found that streptophyte algae have most of the genes that land plants put to use during symbiosis signaling.…”

Section: Ancient Land Plant-microbe Interactions and Evidence From Momentioning

confidence: 99%

On plant defense signaling networks and early land plant evolution

Vries

Dahlen

Gould

et al. 2018

Communicative & Integrative Biology

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All land plants must cope with phytopathogens. Algae face pathogens, too, and it is reasonable to assume that some of the strategies for dealing with pathogens evolved prior to the origin of embryophytes – plant terrestrialization simply changed the nature of the plant-pathogen interactions. Here we highlight that many potential components of the angiosperm defense toolkit are i) found in streptophyte algae and non-flowering embryophytes and ii) might be used in non-flowering plant defense as inferred from published experimental data. Nonetheless, the common signaling networks governing these defense responses appear to have become more intricate during embryophyte evolution. This includes the evolution of the antagonistic signaling pathways of jasmonic and salicylic acid, multiple independent expansions of resistance genes, and the evolution of resistance gene-regulating microRNAs. Future comparative studies will illuminate which modules of the streptophyte defense signaling network constitute the core and which constitute lineage- and/or environment-specific (peripheral) signaling circuits.

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“…Symbiosis between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plants arose on earth more than 400 million years ago [1]. The roots of the majority of land plant species are colonized by these fungi, extending the prospecting capacity of plants into the surrounding soil through mycorrhizosphere (a network formed by root-like extensions of the fungi known as hyphae), where the fungal spores are also formed [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spore Density of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi is Fostered by Six Years of a No-Till System and is Correlated with Environmental Parameters in a Silty Loam Soil

et al. 2017

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play major roles in nutrient acquisition by crops and are key actors of agroecosystems productivity. However, agricultural practices can have deleterious effects on plant-fungi symbiosis establishment in soils, thus inhibiting its potential benefits on plant growth and development. Therefore, we have studied the impact of different soil management techniques, including conventional moldboard ploughing and no-till under an optimal nitrogen (N) fertilization regime and in the absence of N fertilization, on AMF spore density and soil chemical, physical, and biological indicators in the top 20 cm of the soil horizon. A field experiment conducted over six years revealed that AMF spore density was significantly lower under conventional tillage (CT) combined with intensive synthetic N fertilization. Under no-till (NT) conditions, the density of AMF spore was at least two-fold higher, even under intensive N fertilization conditions. We also observed that there were positive correlations between spore density, soil dehydrogenase enzyme activity, and soil penetration resistance and negative correlations with soil phosphorus and mineral N contents. Therefore, soil dehydrogenase activity and soil penetration resistance can be considered as good indicators of soil quality in agrosystems. Furthermore, the high nitrate content of ploughed soils appears to be detrimental both for the dehydrogenase enzyme activity and the production of AMF spores. It can be concluded that no-till, by preventing soil from structural and chemical disturbances, is a farming system that preserves the entire fungal life cycle and as such the production of viable spores of AMF, even under intensive N fertilization.

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Plants, fungi and oomycetes: a 400‐million year affair that shapes the biosphere

Cited by 105 publications

References 58 publications

Origins of the terrestrial flora: A symbiosis with fungi?

Origins of the terrestrial flora: A symbiosis with fungi?

On plant defense signaling networks and early land plant evolution

Spore Density of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi is Fostered by Six Years of a No-Till System and is Correlated with Environmental Parameters in a Silty Loam Soil

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