Planting Deep Increases Early Survival and Growth of Pinus echinata Seedlings

Abstract

Two studies were established to determine the effects of planting depth on early performance of bareroot shortleaf pine seedlings (Pinus echinata). The studies involved planting seedlings either with the root-collar slightly below the groundline (GL) or with the root-collar planted about 11 cm below the soil surface (DEEP). After transplanting, DEEP seedlings had about 7.9 cm of shoot remaining aboveground. In one study, seedlings were planted in open sand pits where seedlings received 352 mm of rain by April 30. The second study involved planting seedlings in boxes (containing sand) in a roofed shade-house. Without rain, survival of DEEP seedlings in April was 96% which was significantly greater (P>F =0.007) than survival of GL seedlings (67%). With rainfall, survival (95%) was the same for both planting depths (P>F = 0.39). Therefore, planting seedlings with the root-collar level with the soil surface can, in some years, increase mortality. This might help explain why bareroot survival of shortleaf pine in some forest districts averages less than 80%.

Device for Transplanting Young Undergrowth with Soil Lump When Performing Forestry

“…The works of many scientists confirm the high survival rate of young undergrowth [16,18]. It has been proven that the transplantation of young trees with an open root system is less effective than their transplantation with a clod of soil [1].…”

Why Healthy Pine Seedlings Die After They Leave the Nursery

“…Planting container-grown pine seedlings with root-collar 10 cm below the surface is a valid practice for pines other than longleaf pine. For 30 cm tall seedlings, this practice reduces the transpiration rate and, in dry periods, will increase seedling survival in well drained soils [101,102].…”

“…When tree planting trials have low statistical power, researchers may consider using more replications [222]. Other methods to increase power include: (1) use of a one-tailed test [210], (2) use of a more powerful contrast test (instead of an overall treatment F-test), and (3) conduct survival trials under a roof to reduce soil moisture and increase the onset of mortality [240].…”

Correlation of Morphological Characteristics of Nyamplung Seedling (Calophyllum inophyllum L) with The Performance at Field Condition

“…(Adman, 2011) dan Prunus avium, Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies (Esen et al, 2012;Johansson et al, 2015), dan Anthocepalus cadamba (Budiman et al, 2015). Sementara pada kasus lain, morfologi bibit (diameter atau tinggi) yang lebih kecil juga mempunyai daya adaptasi dan pertumbuhan di lapangan yang lebih baik khususnya pada kondisi tapak spesifik seperti pegunungan (Jurasek et al, 2009) atau daerah kering (Grossnickle, 2012;South et al, 2012). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kriteria mutu bibit sangat terkait dengan jenis dan lingkungan tempat tumbuhnya (ekologi), sehingga tidak dapat diadopsi secara langsung dari berbagai jenis yang berbeda atau dari berbagai wilayah dengan kondisi lingkungan yang berbeda (Sudrajat, 2010).…”