Plantar flexion: an effective training for peripheral arterial disease

Wang, Eivind; Hoff, Jan; Löe, Harald; Kaehler, Nils; Helgerud, Jan

doi:10.1007/s00421-008-0826-3

Cited by 33 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Subjects were familiarized with the cardiac output method for 1 h before testing was carried out, to ensure successful testing. This has been highlighted to be of importance to attain optimal results, especially at higher intensities (Dibski et al 2005;Helgerud et al 2009;Wang et al 2008). The a-vO 2diff was calculated from the Fick equation: a-vO 2 d i f f (mL O 2 /100 mL blood) = VO 2 (L min −1 )/Q (L min −1 )×100.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise-training-induced changes in metabolic capacity with age: the role of central cardiovascular plasticity

Wang

Næss

Hoff

et al. 2013

AGE

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Although aging is typically associated with a decline in maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max ), young and old subjects, of similar initial muscle metabolic capacity, increased quadriceps VO 2max equally when this small muscle mass was trained in isolation. As it is unclear if this preserved exercise-induced plasticity with age is still evident with centrally challenging whole body exercise, we assessed maximal exercise responses in 13 young (24±2 years) and 13 old (60± 3 years) males, matched for cycling VO 2max (3.82±0.66 and 3.69±0.30 L min −1 , respectively), both before and after 8 weeks of high aerobic intensity cycle exercise training. As a consequence of the training both young and old significantly improved VO 2max (13±6 vs. 6± 7 %) and maximal power output (20±6 vs. 10±6 %, respectively) from baseline, however, the young exhibited a significantly larger increase than the old. Similarly, independently assessed maximal cardiac output (Q max ) tended to increase more in the young (16 ±14 %) than in the old (11±12 %), with no change in a-vO 2 difference in either group. Further examination of the components of Q max provided additional evidence of reduced exercise-induced plasticity in both maximal heart rate (young −3 %, old 0 %) and stroke volume (young 19± 15, old 11± 11 %) in the old. In combination, these findings imply that limited central cardiovascular plasticity may be responsible, at least in part, for the attenuated response to whole body exercise training with increasing age.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise-training-induced changes in metabolic capacity with age: the role of central cardiovascular plasticity

Wang

Næss

Hoff

et al. 2013

AGE

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“…The TG in the present study was based on volunteers from the earlier TG who had already been performing plantar Xexion exercise for 8 weeks and now immediately continued additional 8 weeks of treadmill exercise. Ten of the 14 PAD patients in the previous study (Wang et al 2008) volunteered to participate in the present study. Of the four patients that did not want to continue, two gave the reason that they were travelling abroad, and that this prevented them from participation, one said no because of personal reasons, and one gave lack of motivation as the reason for not participating.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From another study which investigated the eVect of plantar Xexion exercise alone (Wang et al 2008), subjects had already been randomly assigned to a training intervention group (TG) and a control group (CG). The TG in the present study was based on volunteers from the earlier TG who had already been performing plantar Xexion exercise for 8 weeks and now immediately continued additional 8 weeks of treadmill exercise.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients performed an exercise test using a plantar Xexion ergometer (Wang et al 2008). Frequency was held constant at 1 Hz, displayed by a monitor.…”

Section: Plantar Xexion Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study conWrmed the assumptions of calf muscle limitations and possible beneWts of small muscle training in PAD patients by applying a training intervention using only the individual leg. The study showed eVective adaptations in whole body physical capacity and walking distance (Wang et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plantar flexion training primes peripheral arterial disease patients for improvements in cardiac function

et al. 2009

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This study investigated if initial calf muscle training immediately followed by whole body training improved aerobic power and cardiovascular function in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients. The training group (n = 10) pursued 8 weeks of high aerobic intensity plantar flexion interval training continued by 8 weeks of high aerobic intensity treadmill training. The control group (n = 11) received advice according to exercise guidelines. Treadmill VO2peak and time to exhaustion increased significantly with 16.8 and 23.4% during the plantar flexion training period while no changes occurred in heart stroke volume (SV). Following treadmill training, SV increased with 25.1% while treadmill VO2peak and time to exhaustion increased 9.9 and 16.1%. Plantar flexion training was effective for increasing treadmill VO2peak and time to exhaustion in PAD patients and amplified the effects of the additional treadmill training, as SV increased and treadmill VO2peak and time to exhaustion improved further. This study suggests that calf muscle training prime PAD patients for cardiovascular adaptations when applying whole body exercise.

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Exercise for intermittent claudication

Lane

Ellis

Watson³

et al. 2014

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

165

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BackgroundExercise programmes are a relatively inexpensive, low-risk option compared with other, more invasive therapies for treatment of leg pain on walking (intermittent claudication (IC)). This is the fourth update of a review first published in 1998. ObjectivesOur goal was to determine whether an exercise programme was effective in alleviating symptoms and increasing walking treadmill distances and walking times in people with intermittent claudication. Secondary objectives were to determine whether exercise was effective in preventing deterioration of underlying disease, reducing cardiovascular events, and improving quality of life. Search methodsFor this update, the Cochrane Vascular Information Specialist searched the Specialised Register (last searched 15 November 2016) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2016, Issue 10) via the Cochrane Register of Studies Online, along with trials registries. Selection criteriaRandomised controlled trials of an exercise regimen versus control or versus medical therapy for people with IC due to peripheral arterial disease (PAD). We included any exercise programme or regimen used for treatment of IC, such as walking, skipping, and running. Inclusion of trials was not affected by duration, frequency, or intensity of the exercise programme. Outcome measures collected included treadmill walking distance (time to onset of pain or pain-free walking distance and maximum walking time or maximum walking distance), ankle brachial index (ABI), quality of life, morbidity, or amputation; if none of these was reported, we did not include the trial in this review. Data collection and analysisFor this update (2017), RAL and AH selected trials and extracted data independently. We assessed study quality by using the Cochrane 'Risk of bias' tool. We analysed continuous data by determining mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and dichotomous data by determining risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs. We pooled data using a fixed-effect model unless we identified significant heterogeneity, in which case we used a random-effects model. We used the GRADE approach to assess the overall quality of evidence supporting the outcomes assessed in this review.

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Plantar flexion: an effective training for peripheral arterial disease

Cited by 33 publications

References 25 publications

Exercise-training-induced changes in metabolic capacity with age: the role of central cardiovascular plasticity

Exercise-training-induced changes in metabolic capacity with age: the role of central cardiovascular plasticity

Plantar flexion training primes peripheral arterial disease patients for improvements in cardiac function

Exercise for intermittent claudication

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