Plant use in three Pre-Pottery Neolithic sites of the northern and eastern Fertile Crescent: a preliminary report

Riehl, Simone; Benz, Marion; Conard, Nicholas J.; Darabi, Hojjat; Deckers, Katleen; Nashli, Hassan Fazeli; Zeidi, Mohsen

doi:10.1007/s00334-011-0318-y

Cited by 60 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…It stems from the finding suggesting the existence of the Occidental and Oriental types of domesticated barley corresponding to the btr1 and btr2 types, respectively (Takahashi, ). Later, the east–west model was supported by molecular analyses of the barley population structure, as well as by archaeological studies (Azhaguvel & Komatsuda, ; Morrell & Clegg, ; Riehl et al ., , ; Tanno & Willcox, ; Fang et al ., ; Morrell et al ., ). However, the patterns of geographical distribution of the functional btr1 and btr2 mutations challenged the simplicity of the east–west model – in addition to differentiation of the btr1 and btr2 mutations along the east–west gradient in the Fertile Crescent, another latitudinal cline in the btr1 and btr2 allele frequencies became apparent (Pourkheirandish et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted resequencing reveals genomic signatures of barley domestication

et al. 2018

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Summary Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is an established model to study domestication of the Fertile Crescent cereals. Recent molecular data suggested that domesticated barley genomes consist of the ancestral blocks descending from multiple wild barley populations. However, the relationship between the mosaic ancestry patterns and the process of domestication itself remained unclear.To address this knowledge gap, we identified candidate domestication genes using selection scans based on targeted resequencing of 433 wild and domesticated barley accessions. We conducted phylogenetic, population structure, and ancestry analyses to investigate the origin of the domesticated barley haplotypes separately at the neutral and candidate domestication loci.We discovered multiple selective sweeps that occurred on all barley chromosomes during domestication in the background of several ancestral wild populations. The ancestry analyses demonstrated that, although the ancestral blocks of the domesticated barley genomes were descended from all over the Fertile Crescent, the candidate domestication loci originated specifically in its eastern and western parts.These findings provided the first molecular evidence implicating multiple wild or protodomesticated lineages in the process of barley domestication initiated in the Levantine and Zagros clusters of the origin of agriculture.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted resequencing reveals genomic signatures of barley domestication

et al. 2018

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“…In southern Syria, there are clear signs of cultivation of domesticated-type barley at Tell Aswad (12) and of emmer, einkorn, and barley at TQN (i.e., the presence of c. 30% of domesticated-type cereal chaff). However, in the rest of contemporary sites domesticated-type chaff accounts for c. 10% or even less, indicating continued exploitation of morphologically wild species (10,12,23,66,67,(73)(74)(75)(76)(77). The evidence suggests that the pace with which morphologically domesticated cereals appeared during the EPPNB in southwest Asia varied regionally.…”

Section: The Regional Evidence For Cereal Domestication (Early/ Middlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The importance of legumes in the subsistence is also shown at other contemporary sites such as Tell el-Kerkh in northwest Syria (80) and Ahihud in Israel (81), where domesticated-type chickpea and faba bean (Vicia faba) have been found. In the Zagros, continued exploitation of wild plants, including goatgrass and small-seeded wild grasses and legumes, is attested (23,66). The presence of these particular species might be linked to caprine-management activities identified in the area (49), because goatgrass and small-seeded legumes are commonly regarded as fodder plants (82).…”

Section: The Regional Evidence For Cereal Domestication (Early/ Middlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contemporary sites such as Hallan Çemi and Demirköy in southeast Turkey show the prevalence of wild plants of the Cyperaceae, Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae, and Polygonaceae family, but few barley and einkorn remains were found (52,53). At the nearby site of Körtik Tepe, seeds of the wild relatives of domesticated plants account for less than 6% of the plant assemblage (66).…”

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Regional diversity on the timing for the initial appearance of cereal cultivation and domestication in southwest Asia

Arranz‐Otaegui

Colledge

Zapata

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Recent studies have broadened our knowledge regarding the origins of agriculture in southwest Asia by highlighting the multiregional and protracted nature of plant domestication. However, there have been few archaeobotanical data to examine whether the early adoption of wild cereal cultivation and the subsequent appearance of domesticated-type cereals occurred in parallel across southwest Asia, or if chronological differences existed between regions. The evaluation of the available archaeobotanical evidence indicates that during Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) cultivation of wild cereal species was common in regions such as the southern-central Levant and the Upper Euphrates area, but the plant-based subsistence in the eastern Fertile Crescent (southeast Turkey, Iran, and Iraq) focused on the exploitation of plants such as legumes, goatgrass, fruits, and nuts. Around 10.7–10.2 ka Cal BP (early Pre-Pottery Neolithic B), the predominant exploitation of cereals continued in the southern-central Levant and is correlated with the appearance of significant proportions (∼30%) of domesticated-type cereal chaff in the archaeobotanical record. In the eastern Fertile Crescent exploitation of legumes, fruits, nuts, and grasses continued, and in the Euphrates legumes predominated. In these two regions domesticated-type cereal chaff (>10%) is not identified until the middle and late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (10.2–8.3 ka Cal BP). We propose that the cultivation of wild and domesticated cereals developed at different times across southwest Asia and was conditioned by the regionally diverse plant-based subsistence strategies adopted by Pre-Pottery Neolithic groups.

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“…Chogha Golan is an aceramic tell site whose hunter-gatherer sequence begins at the end of the Younger Dryas (about 10 650 BP) and ends about 9 000 BP. Both sites have been partially published, their archaeobotanic examination is still ongoing (Riehl et al 2011, Baines 2014. This article addresses the question: did hunter-gatherer behaviour turn from "passive recipients of the environment" (Rowley-Conwy 2011 p.851) to "ecosystem engineers" near the end of the Palaeolithic (Jones et al 1994)?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Forager to Cultivator: A Case Study in the Zagros Mountains of Iran

Baines¹

2015

International Journal of Social Science Studies

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This paper examines the early aceramic Neolithic botanic assemblage from Chogha Golan, Iran, for signs of cultivation. Based on the presumption that people's engagement with the local vegetation altered due to a changing mode of residence and mobility during that period, its record of edible and useful plants ought to look different compared to that of the site's later assemblages that include domesticated emmer. The study involved data from coeval sites in the region and three Palaeolithic outliers, including Ghar-e Boof, a Rostamian cave occupation in the Zagros Mountains. Though the information does not refute efforts at cultivation at the site during the midden's initial occupation, the analyses rather suggest that a realignment of hunter-gatherer traditions took place, with local plant exploitation targeting a wider breadth in the landscape. Inherited subsistence strategies were adapted to the new human and natural setting inhabited, in which high yield legumes and grasses dominated procurement and became the focus of the incipient agricultural transformations underway.

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Plant use in three Pre-Pottery Neolithic sites of the northern and eastern Fertile Crescent: a preliminary report

Cited by 60 publications

References 35 publications

Targeted resequencing reveals genomic signatures of barley domestication

Targeted resequencing reveals genomic signatures of barley domestication

Regional diversity on the timing for the initial appearance of cereal cultivation and domestication in southwest Asia

From Forager to Cultivator: A Case Study in the Zagros Mountains of Iran

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