Plant sterols and endurance training combine to favorably alter plasma lipid profiles in previously sedentary hypercholesterolemic adults after 8 wk

Varady, Krista A; Ebine, Naoyuki; Vanstone, Catherine A.; Parsons, William D.; Jones, Peter J H

doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.5.1159

Cited by 42 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…With the advent of functional foods and nutraceuticals, an increasing number of patients with moderately elevated blood lipids, or clinical hyperlipidemia, are now searching for natural products or diet interventions, as alternatives to the use of cholesterol-lowering drugs, to optimize their blood lipid levels. Phytosterols and their derivatives are the most widely used natural products for lowering blood cholesterol [12,[20][21][22]. Phytosterols lower plasma cholesterol by inhibiting intestinal cholesterol absorption [12,[23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phytosterols lower plasma cholesterol by inhibiting intestinal cholesterol absorption [12,[23][24][25]. However, the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of phytosterols is low compared to cholesterol drugs [15,16].In addition, phytosterols have no effect on plasma TAG levels [12,[20][21][22]. Therefore, it is important to develop novel natural products or formulations that possess higher cholesterollowering efficiencies and are also able to reduce plasma TAG as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Co-administration of berberine and plant stanols synergistically reduces plasma cholesterol in rats

Xiao-ming¹,

Chen

Zidichouski³

et al. 2008

Atherosclerosis

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The objective of the present study was to determine the beneficial effects and the safety of oral administration of the combination of berberine (BBR) and plant stanols (PS) on plasma lipid profiles in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Four groups of animals were fed a cornstarch-casein-sucrose-based high-cholesterol (2%, w:w) and high-fat (27.5%) diet. Three treatment groups were supplemented with either BBR (100 mg kg −1 body weight d −1 ), PS (1% in diet, w:w), or the combination of both (BBRPS). After 6 wk, animals were sacrificed and followed immediately with the collection of blood and organ samples. Lipid analysis revealed that PS lowered plasma total cholesterol (T-C) by 18% (p = 0.067) and non-HDL-cholesterol (non-HDL-C) by 29% (p = 0.013) as compared with the control, while BBR had no effect on both T-C and non-HDL-C. The combination treatment of BBRPS reduced plasma T-C by 41% (p = 0.0002) and non-HDL-C by 59% (p < 0.0001) compared to the control group. BBR reduced plasma TG levels by 31% at a marginal significance relative to the control (p = 0.054), whereas PS had no effect. BBRPS showed an additive effect of BBR and PS on plasma TAG. PS and BBRPS both decreased liver cholesterol (p = 0.0027 and 0.0002, respectively). BBR and PS, either alone or in combination, did not show any toxic effects as assessed by plasma concentration of hepatic biochemical parameters. These results demonstrate that BBR and PS, when combined, synergistically lower plasma cholesterol levels and significantly reduce liver cholesterol, without the observation of any toxic effects. Crown

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-administration of berberine and plant stanols synergistically reduces plasma cholesterol in rats

Xiao-ming¹,

Chen

Zidichouski³

et al. 2008

Atherosclerosis

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“…The efficacy of sterols has now been unquestionably established through many earlier (Weststrate and Meijer, 1998) and recent studies (Hallikainen et al, 2000;Vanstone et al, 2002;Varady et al, 2004). It has been shown that plant sterols lower LDL cholesterol concentrations by inhibiting cholesterol absorption in the intestine (Ikeda et al, 1988;Nissinen et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of plant sterols and glucomannan on lipids in individuals with and without type II diabetes

et al. 2006

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether supplements of plant sterols and/or glucomannan improve lipid profile and cholesterol biosynthesis in mildly hypercholesterolemic type II diabetic and non-diabetic subjects and to compare the response of these two subject groups to the treatments. Design: A randomized, crossover study consisting of four phases of 21 days, with each phase separated by a 28-day washout. Setting: The Mary Emily Clinical Nutrition Research Unit of McGill University. Subjects: Eighteen non-diabetic individuals and 16 type II diabetic individuals aged 38-74 years. Interventions: Subjects were supplemented with plant sterols (1.8 g/day), glucomannan (10 g/day), a combination of glucomannan and plant sterols, and a placebo, provided in the form of bars. Results: Overall plasma cholesterol concentrations were lowered (Po0.05) after combination treatment (4.7270.20 mmol/l) compared to control (5.4770.18 mmol/l). Plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations were decreased (Po0.05) after glucomannan (3.1670.14 mmol/l) and combination treatments (2.9570.16 mmol/l) compared to control (3.6070.16 mmol/l). The results of lipid profiles did not differ between subject groups. Overall plasma lathosterol concentrations, an index of cholesterol biosynthesis, were lowered (Po0.05) after the combination treatment compared to the plant sterol treatment. Conclusions:The results suggest that glucomannan and a combination of glucomannan and plant sterols substantially improves plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations.

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“…On the contrary, similar studies are available concerning human athletes [7], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26] and [27]. All studies conducted in humans agree on the beneficial effect of aerobic exercise, performed on a regular basis, on lipid profile, and on the positive impact of moderate regular physical activity on the prevention of cardiovascular diseases [23], [24], [25], [26] and [27]. It is important to point out that the lipid transport in horses is not the same as in humans, as a large fraction of lipids, and of cholesterol in particular, is taken up by HDLs [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Utilization Pathways Induced by Early Training in Standardbred Trotters and Thoroughbreds

Assenza

Tosto

Piccione

et al. 2012

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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Controversial results on lipid utilization as an energy source during training in horses are found in the literature. The objective of this study was to assess blood lipid profile during different training programs in horses. Seventeen Standardbred horses (400 ± 50 kg) and 17 Thoroughbred horses (380 ± 15 kg) followed different training programs. Blood lipid profile, including triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), was analyzed, and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentration was calculated. Data were analyzed using Student t test, and linear regressions were done. Cholesterol and LDL decreased during training programs in Standardbred trotters (P = .0001 and P = .0053, respectively), and VLDL was found to be close to the significance level (P = .053). Blood lipid profile, including TGs (P = .0014), cholesterol (P = .0057), HDL (P = .0128), LDL (P = .0091), and VLDL (P = .0014), varied throughout the training program in Thoroughbred horses. Negative slope of blood lipids and positive slope of TG linear regression in Standardbred trotters were significant for all parameters (P ≤ .05), whereas cholesterol and LDL regression showed poor P and r2 values and HDL P value was slightly above the significance level (P = .069) in Thoroughbred horses. TGs and VLDL showed a positive linear trend in Thoroughbred horses (P = .002). Exercise and different training programs lead to significant variations of lipid profile and lipid utilization in horses. Lipid utilization as an energy source improved with training in Standardbred trotters, whereas this was not the case in Thoroughbred horses. Further studies on the effect of training programs using different conditions and horse breeds would be necessary to understand lipid utilization as an energy source in athletic horses.

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Plant sterols and endurance training combine to favorably alter plasma lipid profiles in previously sedentary hypercholesterolemic adults after 8 wk

Abstract: In comparison with plant sterols or exercise alone, the combination of plant sterols and exercise yields the most beneficial alterations in lipid profiles. Implementation of such a combination therapy could improve lipid profiles in those at risk of coronary artery disease.

Cited by 42 publications

References 28 publications

Co-administration of berberine and plant stanols synergistically reduces plasma cholesterol in rats

Co-administration of berberine and plant stanols synergistically reduces plasma cholesterol in rats

Effect of plant sterols and glucomannan on lipids in individuals with and without type II diabetes

Lipid Utilization Pathways Induced by Early Training in Standardbred Trotters and Thoroughbreds

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