Plant sources, techniques of production and uses of tar: A review

Ninich, Oumaima; Ettahir, Aziz; Kettani, Kamal; Ghanmi, Mohamed; Aoujdad, Jalila; Antry, Salwa El; Ouajdi, Mohamed; Satrani, Badr

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2021.114889

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Wood tar is in fact primarily a form of glue [ 103 , 104 ], but it can also protect vegetal remains from fungal attack [ 105 ], and treat a variety of human diseases thanks to its antiseptic properties [ 106 , 107 ]. The zootechnical and ethnoarchaeological literature indicates that it played an important role in husbandry practices until recent times [ 108 ]. It was in fact used to treat also domestic animal diseases [ 106 , 109 – 112 ] and to repel parasites [ 113 , 114 ] and insects [ 115 , 116 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution sediment analysis reveals Middle Bronze Age byre-houses at the site of Oppeano (Verona province, NE Italy)

et al. 2022

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High-resolution sediment analysis allowed us to identify two Middle Bronze Age (MBA 1, 1650–1550 cal a BCE) byre-houses at the waterlogged site of Oppeano “4D”, south of Verona (Veneto region, NE Italy). The site lies in a low-lying valley incised by the Adige River in its LGM alluvial fan. In this fluvio-palustrine environment burial and taphonomic conditions were such that the archaeological record was extremely well preserved. The wooden elements making up basal parts of nine ‘huts’ were in fact exposed at Oppeano, and so were their internal accretion deposits. These featured finely laminated dung units deriving from the stalling of small herbivores, possibly ovicaprids, intercalated with repeated accumulations of wood ash. This was produced in large and multi-stratified hearths that were exposed within each hut. Organic petrology provided evidence of the production of wood tar inside one of the studied structures. At Oppeano 4D it was thus demonstrated that these structures were not just byres or stables, but spaces that housed humans together with animals at least during some periods of the year, hence byre-houses. The identification of byre-houses in a Middle Bronze Age settlement is key for the reconstruction of socio-economic aspects of Bronze Age economy and production systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution sediment analysis reveals Middle Bronze Age byre-houses at the site of Oppeano (Verona province, NE Italy)

et al. 2022

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“…However, variations in its physico-chemical properties and biological activity exist depending on plant species, geographical location, availability, and desired product characteristics. 1,2 Juniperus oxycedrus, commonly referred to as Cade, 3,4 holds prominence as the primary species used for tar production, followed by Tetraclinis articulata, Cedrus atlantica, and various Pinus species. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] This study focuses on the essential oils extracted from Juniperus oxycedrus and Cedrus atlantica, both extensively utilized in Morocco for tar production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Chemical and Biological Analysis of Wood and Tar Essential Oils from Cedrus atlantica and Juniperus oxycedrus in Morocco

2024

TJNPR

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Juniperus oxycedrus, a member of the Cupressaceae family, is indigenous to southern Europe and the Mediterranean basin, 4,[15][16][17][18] flourishing at altitudes between 1700 and 3000 meters in stony terrains. 3,19 Renowned for its ecological significance, Juniperus oxycedrus contributes to the regional economy through diverse applications, including firewood, natural ornamentation, and medicinal purposes. Its essential oil, esteemed for its multifaceted properties, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, has found utility in various domains 3,19 , albeit recent concerns have arisen regarding its association with poisoning incidents. [20][21][22][23][24][25] Cedrus atlantica, family Pinaceae, is an endemic Moroccan species prized for its essential oil possessing antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. 26,27,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Widely utilized in construction due to its durability. 30 Cedarwood also holds significance in Morocco's traditional therapeutic practices, 43 where cedar wood tar forms an integral part of the Magico-medical system, 44 utilized for treating skin conditions and eliminating parasites in animals. 32 These traditional forest species, deeply rooted in folk medicine, intrigue researchers for their potential applications. 43,45 This study presents a comparative analysis of the biological and antioxidant properties of wood tar essential oils extracted from Juniperus oxycedrus and Cedrus atlantica, using both lab-produced and artisanal samples. By exploring the composition and potential of these oils, the study aims to uncover similarities or distinctions between the two species, thereby contributing novel insights into their utility and applications in various fields.

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“…Although juniper pyrolysis has been traditionally used to produce tar for different purposes such as gluing materials, waterproofing decoration, medicine, and cosmetics [ 17 ], no investigation has been found concerning the production of biochar, which is an interesting product from the point of view of soil improver for agronomic purposes and as strategic solution for carbon capture and storage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Use of Common Juniper (Juniperus communis L.) Foliage following the Cascade Principle

Mediavilla,

Bados,

Barros

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Juniperus communis L. is a species commonly grown in regions of the Northern Hemisphere, and is a good candidate to be cultivated in marginal lands. Plants coming from a pruning performed in a natural population located in Spain were used to assess the yield and quality of different products obtained following the cascade principle. A total of 1050 kg of foliage biomass were crushed, steam-distilled, and separated into fractions to produce biochar and absorbents for the pet industry using pilot plants. The obtained products were analysed. The essential oil, with a yield of 0.45% dry basis and a qualitative chemical composition similar to that described for the berries in international standards or monographs, showed antioxidant activity with promising CAA results (inhibition of 89% of the cell’s oxidation). However, regarding antibacterial and antifungal activities, it only inhibited the growth of microorganisms at the maximum concentration tested, 2.5%. Concerning the hydrolate, it did not show bioactivity. Regarding the biochar, whose yield was 28.79% dry basis, interesting results were obtained for its characterisation as a possible soil improver for agronomic purposes (PFC 3(A)). Finally, promising results were obtained regarding the use of common juniper as absorbent, taking into account the physical characterisation and odour control capacity.

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Plant sources, techniques of production and uses of tar: A review

Cited by 13 publications

References 50 publications

High-resolution sediment analysis reveals Middle Bronze Age byre-houses at the site of Oppeano (Verona province, NE Italy)

High-resolution sediment analysis reveals Middle Bronze Age byre-houses at the site of Oppeano (Verona province, NE Italy)

Comparative Chemical and Biological Analysis of Wood and Tar Essential Oils from Cedrus atlantica and Juniperus oxycedrus in Morocco

Assessment of the Use of Common Juniper (Juniperus communis L.) Foliage following the Cascade Principle

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