Plant secondary metabolites as feed additives in calves for antimicrobial stewardship

Reddy, P. Ravi Kanth; Elghandour, Mona M.M.Y.; Salem, A. Z. M.; Yasaswini, Duvvuru; Reddy, A. Nagarjuna

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114469

Cited by 50 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…The onset of diarrhoea in calves in group T was four days later than calves in group C. This suggests a preventive effect of the chestnut tannin administered orally from the third day of life. Preventive neonatal calf diarrhoea is a major disease that negatively affects the cattle industry, leading to a significant economic impact (Reddy et al 2020). Of the 5% mortality rate in pre-weaned calves, 56% is attributed to digestive problems and diarrhoea with the rest caused by respiratory problems (USDA 2016).…”

Section: Group Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This difference may be related to the different biochemical composition of the product used. We assume that the beneficial effect of the tannin was due to the prevention of water loss through the mucous membranes, and the anti-inflammatory, bacteriostatic and antiprotozoal effects reported for this compound (Reddy et al 2020;Smulski et al 2020).…”

Section: Group Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of oral administration of chestnut tannins in preventing calf diarrhoea

Bonelli

Turini

Paganelli

et al. 2021

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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We evaluated the preventive effects of the oral administration of chestnut tannins (Castanea sativa) together with its potential metabolic effect on calf diarrhoea. Forty Italian Friesian female calves were included and divided into Group C (control group) and Group T (tannin-treated group). From the third day of life (T0) for the following 56 days (T56), calves from Group C received 2 L of warm water, while 10 g of chestnut tannin powder extract were added to Group T. Calves were weighed at birth and at T56. Daily faecal score evaluation was performed according to the literature. The age at diarrhoea onset (TDE) and the duration of the diarrhoeic episode were recorded. Blood methaemoglobin and liver enzymes were evaluated weekly starting from T0 to T56 by spectrophotometer and clinical chemistry analysis, respectively. The t-Student and chi-square tests were performed. The TDE was higher (p ¼ .04) in Group T than in Group C (12.0 ± 8.2 and 7.7 ± 3.8 days, respectively). There were no differences for ADG between the groups. Group C spent 24.4% of the whole period with diarrhoea, whereas Group T experienced diarrhoea for 18.9% of the period (p ¼ .001). All the blood and serum analytes were within physiological values. The administration of tannins in calves from the third day of life seemed to delay the onset of diarrhoea by almost four days, suggesting effective preventive action of chestnut tannins. HIGHLIGHTSThe oral administration of chestnut tannins in calves seemed to delay the onset of diarrhoea by almost four days, thus showing a preventive effect. The oral administration of chestnut tannins may lead to a better and shorter recovery of the calf, thus decreasing the use of antibiotics.

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Section: Group Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Group Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of oral administration of chestnut tannins in preventing calf diarrhoea

Bonelli

Turini

Paganelli

et al. 2021

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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“…Keeping in view their critical role in digestive physiology and nutrient metabolism, modulation of the rumen microbiome is envisioned as a practical strategy to mediate fermentation kinetics and methanogenesis. Modulation of the rumen microbiome can be possible through different dietary interventions; however, in this regard plant secondary metabolites possess a greater potential as compared with antibiotics to modulate the ruminal microbiome and mitigate CH 4 emission through diverse antimicrobial mechanisms such as perturbation of cell membrane, modulation of signal transduction or gene expression pathways, enzyme inhibition, and inhibition of bacterial colonization ( 76 , 77 ). Plant secondary metabolites usually enhance the permeability and fluidity of the cellular membranes, further causing an efflux of metabolites and ions and ultimately leading to cell leakage and microbial death.…”

Section: Modulation Of Rumen Microbiome Using Phytogenic Feed Additivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytogenic Additives Can Modulate Rumen Microbiome to Mediate Fermentation Kinetics and Methanogenesis Through Exploiting Diet–Microbe Interaction

et al. 2020

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Ruminants inhabit the consortia of gut microbes that play a critical functional role in their maintenance and nourishment by enabling them to use cellulosic and non-cellulosic feed material. These gut microbes perform major physiological activities, including digestion and metabolism of dietary components, to derive energy to meet major protein (65–85%) and energy (ca 80%) requirements of the host. Owing to their contribution to digestive physiology, rumen microbes are considered one of the crucial factors affecting feed conversion efficiency in ruminants. Any change in the rumen microbiome has an imperative effect on animal physiology. Ruminal microbes are fundamentally anaerobic and produce various compounds during rumen fermentation, which are directly used by the host or other microbes. Methane (CH 4 ) is produced by methanogens through utilizing metabolic hydrogen during rumen fermentation. Maximizing the flow of metabolic hydrogen in the rumen away from CH 4 and toward volatile fatty acids (VFA) would increase the efficiency of ruminant production and decrease its environmental impact. Understanding of microbial diversity and rumen dynamics is not only crucial for the optimization of host efficiency but also required to mediate emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from ruminants. There are various strategies to modulate the rumen microbiome, mainly including dietary interventions and the use of different feed additives. Phytogenic feed additives, mainly plant secondary compounds, have been shown to modulate rumen microflora and change rumen fermentation dynamics leading to enhanced animal performance. Many in vitro and in vivo studies aimed to evaluate the use of plant secondary metabolites in ruminants have been conducted using different plants or their extract or essential oils. This review specifically aims to provide insights into dietary interactions of rumen microbes and their subsequent consequences on rumen fermentation. Moreover, a comprehensive overview of the modulation of rumen microbiome by using phytogenic compounds (essential oils, saponins, and tannins) for manipulating rumen dynamics to mediate CH 4 emanation from livestock is presented. We have also discussed the pros and cons of each strategy along with future prospective of dietary modulation of rumen microbiome to improve the performance of ruminants while decreasing GHG emissions.

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“…Previous studies have stated that the use of agricultural by-products and tropical plants especially fruit peel wastes containing phytonutrients have resulted in improved ruminal fermentation while decreasing production of methane [ 6 , 7 ]. Currently, plant secondary substances are an important area of research to replace feed additives in livestock [ 8 ]. The CT and SP are a group of phytonutrients of that demonstrate an ability to alter the rumen ecosystem, fermentation, reduces production of methane, and increases livestock production [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) peel pellet as a rumen enhancer in Holstein crossbred bulls

et al. 2021

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Objective: An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of dragon fruit peel pellet (DFPP) as a rumen enhancer of dry matter consumption, nutrient digestibilities, ruminal ecology, microbial protein synthesis and rumimal methane production in Holstein crossbred bulls.Methods: Four animals, with an average live-weight of 200±20 kg were randomly assigned in a 4×4 Latin square design to investigate the influence of DFPP supplementation. There were four different dietary treatments: without DFPP, and with 200, 300, and 400 g/h/d, respectively.Results: Results revealed that dry matter consumption of total intake, rice straw and concentrate were not significantly different among treatments (p>0.05). It was also found that ruminal pH was not different among treatments (p>0.05), whilst protozoal group was reduced when DFPP increased (p<0.01). Blood urea nitrogen and NH<sub>3</sub>-N concentrations were increased at 400 g of DFPP supplementation (p<0.01). Additionally, volatile fatty acid production of propionate was significantly enhanced by the DFPP supplementation (p<0.05), while production of methane was consequently decreased (p<0.05). Furthermore, microbial protein synthesis and urinary purine derivatives were remarkably increased especially at 400 g of DFPP supplementation (p<0.05).Conclusion: Plant secondary compounds or phytonutrients (PTN) containing saponins (SP) and condensed tannins (CT) have been reported to influence rumen fermentation. DFPP contains both CT and SP as a PTN. The addition of 400 g of DFPP resulted in improved rumen fermentation end-products especially propionate (C3) and microbial protein synthesis. Therefore, DFPP is a promising rumen enhancer and indicated a significant potential of DFPP as feedstuff for ruminant feed to mitigate rumen methane production.

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Plant secondary metabolites as feed additives in calves for antimicrobial stewardship

Cited by 50 publications

References 110 publications

Evaluation of oral administration of chestnut tannins in preventing calf diarrhoea

Evaluation of oral administration of chestnut tannins in preventing calf diarrhoea

Phytogenic Additives Can Modulate Rumen Microbiome to Mediate Fermentation Kinetics and Methanogenesis Through Exploiting Diet–Microbe Interaction

Dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) peel pellet as a rumen enhancer in Holstein crossbred bulls

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