Plant Responses to Drought Stress: Morphological, Physiological, Molecular Approaches, and Drought Resistance

Appropriate Application Methods for Salicylic Acid and Plant Nutrients Combinations to Promote Morpho-Physiological Traits, Production, and Water Use Efficiency of Wheat under Normal and Deficit Irrigation in an Arid Climate

“…These reductions in the different studied parameters under the LM regime may be due to the exposure of plants to water deficit stress, resulting in substantial inhibition in several morphological, physiological, and biochemical attributes, including limiting RWC, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductiance, activity of photosynthetic enzymes, chlorophyll biosynthesis, cell division, cell expansion, and biomass accumulation. Additionally, water deficit stress indirectly affects plant growth and production by hindering the access of nutrients to the plant and reducing their mobility and absorption even with their availability in the soil [ 39 , 40 , 41 ]. A shortage of nutrients, or at least some of them, leads to physiological and biochemical disturbances in the plant as a result of the role of these elements in important vital processes, such as cell osmotic relations and turgor-related processes, photosynthesis reactions, enzymatic activity, building nucleic acids, and plant reproduction [ 12 , 15 , 42 ].…”

Effects of Salicylic Acid and Macro- and Micronutrients through Foliar and Soil Applications on the Agronomic Performance, Physiological Attributes, and Water Productivity of Wheat under Normal and Limited Irrigation in Dry Climatic Conditions

“…It also induces oxidative damage due to the excess generation of ROS, which results in the altered function of key metabolic pathways, such as photosynthesis, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and mineral uptake and assimilation. It also restricts root growth, which ultimately restricts essential nutrient uptake even with they are available in the soil [ 10 , 11 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. The aforementioned disturbances in different morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of the plants may explain why the LMI treatment significantly reduced the different studied parameters of wheat compared to the NI treatment, as shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 .…”

Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Response in Siete Caldos Chili Pepper Plants (Capsicum frutescens) Exposed to Water Deficit

“…Proline content was quantified from fresh leaf and root tissue based on the protocol described by Bates et al [34] with modifications reported by Escalante-Magaña [35]. The reaction was quantified at a wavelength of 520 nm using toluene as a blank, and the results were calculated using the following Equation (6). The protein extract was obtained from 0.5 g of fresh plant material (leaf and root), which was macerated with liquid nitrogen and homogenized with 4 mL of sodium phosphate buffer solution at 100 mM and a pH of 7.0, EDTA at 0.1 mM.…”

“…Plants respond to water deficit in a complex way through morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular adaptations that change considerably depending on the stage of development, the plant species, the duration, severity, and time of exposure to stress [3][4][5][6]. Plants use avoidance, escape, and tolerance strategies to cope with drought.…”

“…Plants use avoidance, escape, and tolerance strategies to cope with drought. These strategies range from speeding up its life cycle and optimizing water conservation processes to overcoming dehydration through osmotic adjustment, osmoprotectant accumulation, and increasing cell wall elasticity [6][7][8].…”