Plant remains in an Etruscan-Roman well at Cetamura del Chianti, Italy

Lippi, Marta Mariotti; Secci, M. Mori; Giachi, G.; Bouby, Laurent; Terral, Jean‐Frédéric; Castiglioni, Elisabetta; Cottini, M.; Rottoli, Mauro; Grummond, Nancy T. de

doi:10.1007/s12520-019-00992-4

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Although present in limited quantities (7.7% of the total grape pips), Mariotti Lippi et al . [ 23 , 109 , 110 ] identified grape pips as wild morphotypes in Tuscany, belonging to Middle Bronze Age and Etruscan-Roman archaeological contexts. Castellano [ 111 ] pointed out the presence of V .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even other types of organic materials, e.g., rope, caulking material, laces watercrafts, and organic coffin have been seldom investigated through pollen [12][13][14][15][16]. Archaeobotany has been often combined with other analytical disciplines to promote interdisciplinary approaches [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] but palynology is still barely associated to chemical analyses [11,[24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Archaeobotanical and chemical investigations on wine amphorae from San Felice Circeo (Italy) shed light on grape beverages at the Roman time

Chassouant

Celant

Delpino³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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We hereby investigate the pitch used for coating three Roman amphorae from San Felice Circeo (Italy) through a multidisciplinary study. The identification of molecular biomarkers by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry is combined with archaeobotanical evidence of pollen and plant tissues of Vitis flowers. Diterpenic chemical markers together with Pinus pollen and wood revealed Pinaceae tar coating. Aporate 3-zonocolpate pollen, identified as Vitis, together with tartaric, malic and pyruvic acids elucidate the grape-fermented nature of the content. Our conclusions open new consideration on the use of grape derivatives that cannot be supported by traditional analytical methods. Based on the finds of aporate Vitis pollen, found also in local modern and Middle Pleistocene samples, we hypothesize the use of autochthonous vines. The presence of a medicinal wine (historically reported as oenanthium) is also considered. We interrogate Vitis pollen capacity to target grapevine domestication, thereby providing innovative tools to understand such an important process. We anticipate our study to encourage a more systematic multidisciplinary approach regarding the analyses of wine amphorae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeobotanical and chemical investigations on wine amphorae from San Felice Circeo (Italy) shed light on grape beverages at the Roman time

Chassouant

Celant

Delpino³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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“…For plants, only angiosperms are concerned and 14 species (or group of closely related species) are listed with grapevine that largely outnumber other species in terms of publications number (N=15), followed by olive (N=6), date palm (N=3) while all other species are only represented by a single mention (table 1). A higher number of studies is dedicated to dicotyledons (N=27) than to monocotyledons (N=6) and focus exclusively on fruits and seeds (SI Grapevine (Bacilieri et al, 2017;Bonhomme et al, 2020;Bonhomme, Terral, et al, 2021;Bouby et al, 2018Bouby et al, , 2021Figueiral et al, 2015;Mariotti Lippi et al, 2020;Margaritis et al, 2021;Moricca et al, 2021;Orrù, Grillo, Lovicu, Venora, & Bacchetta, 2013;Pagnoux et al, 2015Pagnoux et al, , 2021Terral et al, 2010;Ucchesu et al, 2015Ucchesu et al, , 2016Valamoti et al, 2020) Olive (Bourgeon et al, 2018;Margaritis et al, 2021;Newton, Lorre, Sauvage, Ivorra, & Terral, 2014;Newton, Terral, & Ivorra, 2006;Terral et al, 2004Terral et al, , 2021) Opium poppy (Jesus et al, 2021) Cherry (Burger, Terral, Ruas, Ivorra, & Picq, 2011) Pulses (grass pea, lentil, broad bean) (Tarongi et al, 2020) Watermelon (Wolcott et al, 2021) Since 2004, year of the first publication included in this review (Terral et al, 2004), the yearly number of published bioarchaeological studies on domestic animal and plant species using geometric morphometrics is steadily increasing (Fig. 1.B).…”

Section: A Table 1 Si Table 1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeophenomics of ancient domestic plants and animals using geometric morphometrics : a review

Evin¹,

Bouby²,

Bonhomme³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Geometric morphometrics revolutionized domestication studies through the precise quantification of the phenotype of ancient plant and animal remains. Geometric morphometrics allow for an increasingly detailed understanding of the past agrobiodiversity and our ability to characterize large scale ancient phenotypes has led to what can be named archaeophenomics : the large scale phenotyping of ancient remains. This review describes advances in the bioarchaeological study of domesticated species and their wild relatives where their phenomes are quantified through geometric morphometrics. The two main questions addressed by archaeophenomics are i) taxonomic identification, including domestication signature, and ii) the inference of the spatio-temporal agrobiodiversity dynamics. Archaeophenomics is a growing field in bioarchaeology of domestic species that will benefit in the near future from advances in artificial intelligence and from an increasing interest in multiproxy approaches combining morphometric data with e.g. isotopes or archaeogenomics.

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“…Archaeological research has identified the fundamental importance of both the Etruscans and (late Republican ad early Imperial) Romans played in the development of rural Etrurian landscapes between the 3rd century BC and 1st century AD, especially as they favoured olive and vine cultivation (Barbieri, 2010; Carandini, 1994; Manca et al, 2016; Santangeli Valenzani and Volpe, 2012; Zifferero, 2015). Local archaeobotanical data indicate traces of greater human control over productive landscapes with the occasional presence of vines and olives (Aversano et al, 2017; Bowes et al, 2015; Langgut et al, 2019; Mariotti Lippi et al, 2002, 2020) and scholars highlighted the heritage of this agrarian land use in local traditions as well as its presence in northern Maremma up to few decades ago (Bowes et al, 2015). Recent comparison between pollen and local archaeo-anthracological data have however suggested additional phases of forest reduction with intensive agriculture and livestock grazing during the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, followed after a hiatus by intensive olive orcharding between the 11th and 13th centuries AD (Di Pasquale et al, 2014).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaping Mediterranean landscapes: The cultural impact of anthropogenic fires in Tyrrhenian southern Tuscany during the Iron and Middle Ages (800–450 BC / AD 650–1300)

et al. 2020

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Charcoal analysis, applied in sediment facies analysis of the Pecora river palaeochannel (Tyrrhenian southern Tuscany, Italy), detected the occurrence of past fire events in two different fluvial landforms at 800–450 BC and again at AD 650–1300. Taking place in a central Mediterranean district adequately studied through palaeoenvironmental and archaeological research, the investigation determined land changes, time phases and socio-economic driving forces involved in dynamic processes of fire. The fire sequences had purely anthropogenic origins and were linked to forest opening and reduction by local communities. Introduced by the Etruscans, fires dated to 800–450 BC involved mainly the forest cover on the hilly slopes, ensuring agricultural exploitation. From AD 650, fires contributed to Medieval upstream reclamation and vegetation clearing of flat swamplands. From AD 850 to 1050, the use of fire spread over a wider area in the river valley, increasing arable lands. Between AD 1150 and 1300, fires belonged to a regional forest clearance phase. Medieval fire episodes had a paramount importance in shaping and determining the character of the Tuscan Mediterranean landscape. From AD 850, Medieval fire clearing influenced regional vegetation history contributing to the decline of the dominant deciduous Quercus woodland. Open habitats became the new form of a clearly detectable agricultural landscape from AD 950. The use of fire clearing and the resulting landscape changes in the Pecora river valley depended on the political strategies adopted by Medieval authorities and marked, in fact, the progression of a cultural landscape still characterizing central Tyrrhenian Italy.

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Plant remains in an Etruscan-Roman well at Cetamura del Chianti, Italy

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Archaeobotanical and chemical investigations on wine amphorae from San Felice Circeo (Italy) shed light on grape beverages at the Roman time

Archaeobotanical and chemical investigations on wine amphorae from San Felice Circeo (Italy) shed light on grape beverages at the Roman time

Archaeophenomics of ancient domestic plants and animals using geometric morphometrics : a review

Shaping Mediterranean landscapes: The cultural impact of anthropogenic fires in Tyrrhenian southern Tuscany during the Iron and Middle Ages (800–450 BC / AD 650–1300)

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