Plant Regeneration in Amorphophallus muelleri Blume. through Organogenic

Abstract

Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume.) usually used to functional food raw materials, caused its high glucomant content. Limitation of conventional propagation both vegetative and generative affected to decreasing of porang production to fulfil market demand. To solve the problem, plant tissue culture technique was chosen to rapid propagate bulbils of porang. So, the aim of this research to determine the combination and concentration of Plant growth Regulators (PGRs), such as 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), Naphthaleneacetic Acid (NAA), and Thidiazuron (TDZ) for quality of callus, also growth of callus and shoots for rapid propagation of porang, cause PGRs are one of factors that affect the success of in vitro propagation. Experimental design of this research was completely randomized designed with statistical analysis using analysis of variance (Anova) one way. Difference combination and concentration of cytokinin and auxin as manipulation variables, which several parameters growth of callus, shoots, and roots was observed to indicate the rapid organogenic of porang. The optimal shoot induction medium was Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with 5.0 mg.L-1 BAP and 0.2 mg.L-1 NAA on which number of shoots and shoot height reached 15±1.8 and (7.2±1.86) cm. After shoot formation stage, the proper media for rooting stage was determined, which was Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with 1.0 mg.L-1 NAA resulted the rooting rate reached 100% and roots appear earlier. Optimal combination and concentration of PGRs on micropropagation of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume. from bulbils explant should be known to increase the production of porang, which can fulfil the market demand.

The Effect of Benzyl Amino Purin and NaphtalenaAcetic Acid Applications on Direct Shoot Organogenesis in Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri B)

“…Adding 0.1 mg/L NAA and one mg/L BAP showed the most significant number of shoots for micropropagation of porang (Prayana et al, 2017). According to Hardjo et al (2023), 5.0 mg/L BAP and low concentrations of NAA (0.2 mg/L) showed optimal shoot induction growth and shoot height for regeneration of porang. The addition of BAP concentrations is proven to slow the reaction of shoot formation due to the saturation of the concentrations contained in the growth media, as in the study of Ratnasari et al (2016) reporting that adding high concentrations of the BAP hormone will make shoot growth longer.…”

“…Nuryadin et al (2017) explained that properly applying a combination of hormones auxin and cytokinin in plant explants result in root growth, which can help supply plant nutrients and accelerate proportional shoot propagation. According to Hardjo et al (2023), low concentrations of NAA (0.1 mg/L) resulted in earlier root induction, and the rooting rate reached 100% for regeneration of porang. The concentration and type of auxiliary hormone influence the response of the root system.…”

Induksi Kalus Eksplan Daun Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) Menggunakan Kombinasi Air Kelapa dan IAA (Indole Acetic Acid)

“…Tanaman Porang asal Indonesia saat ini menjadi salah satu komoditas ekspor dengan permintaan yang cukup tinggi ke berbagai negara seperti Jepang, Vietnam, Myanmar, Taiwan, dan Thailand karena kandungan glukomannannya yang tinggi sebesar 65% dibandingkan porang varietas lain (Ferziana et al, 2021;Wahyuni et al, 2020). Hal ini menjadikannya potensial dikembangkan sebagai bahan pangan fungsional yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan karena kandungan serat yang tinggi dan rendah kolesterol (Hardjo et al, 2023;Wahyuni et al, 2020). Namun demikian, permintaan ekspor porang yang tinggi tidak dapat terpenuhi karena ketersediaan bibit yang terbatas (Santosa, 2015).…”

“…Kultur in vitro merupakan teknik yang efektif untuk perbanyakan bibit tanaman dengan sifat seragam secara cepat dalam jumlah yang banyak dan bebas pathogen (Hardjo et al, 2023). Beberapa penelitian terkait upaya perbanyakan tanaman Porang secara in vitro telah dilakukan melalui kultur kalus, organogenesis dan embriogenesis somatik menggunakan bagian umbi (Aziz et al, 2014), tunas in vitro (Widoretno et al, 2023), katak/bulbil (Hardjo et al, 2023;Ferziana et al, 2021), dan tangkai daun/petiole (Imelda et al, 2008). Meskipun demikian, belum ada informasi mengenai perbanyakan tanaman Porang secara in vitro melalui kultur kalus menggunakan eksplan daun.…”

“…Perbanyakan in vitro menggunakan eksplan daun yang masih muda memiliki kelebihan yaitu mengandung sel-sel kompeten penyusun jaringan parenkim yang aktif membelah sehingga eksplan lebih responsif dalam membentuk kalus (Restiani et al, 2022). Selain itu, penggunaan eksplan dari daun dan tangkai daun tanaman Porang tidak perlu merusak umbi dan tanaman induknya serta relatif lebih mudah diperoleh dibandingkan bagian bulbil/katak dan bijinya ( Hardjo et al, 2023;Ferziana et al, 2021;Imelda et al, 2008).…”