Plant Rake and Algal Pouch of the Larvae in the Tropical Ascidian Diplosoma similis: An Adaptation for Vertical Transmission of Photosynthetic Symbionts Prochloron sp

Hirose, Euichi

doi:10.2108/zsj.17.233

Cited by 39 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…These results suggest different factors structuring the symbiont communities in different ascidian species, with more homogenous communities potentially maintained in some hosts by vertical symbiont transmission or specific functional requirements and more heterogeneous communities in other hosts determined by more stochastic or dynamic factors. This observation is in agreement with mounting evidence suggesting that colonial ascidians, such as the Didemnidae, establish stable symbiotic microbial associations that are vertically transmitted (Kott, 1980(Kott, , 1982(Kott, , 2001Hirose, 2000;Schuett et al, 2005;Hirose et al, 2006a, b;Hirose and Hirose, 2007;Bright and Bulgheresi, 2010;López-Legentil et al, 2011;Kojima and Hirose, 2012), while others, such as solitary ascidians may selectively acquire symbionts from the surrounding seawater (Erwin et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Down under the tunic: bacterial biodiversity hotspots and widespread ammonia-oxidizing archaea in coral reef ascidians

et al. 2013

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Ascidians are ecologically important components of marine ecosystems yet the ascidian microbiota remains largely unexplored beyond a few model species. We used 16S rRNA gene tag pyrosequencing to provide a comprehensive characterization of microbial symbionts in the tunic of 42 Great Barrier Reef ascidian samples representing 25 species. Results revealed high bacterial biodiversity (3 217 unique operational taxonomic units (OTU 0.03 ) from 19 described and 14 candidate phyla) and the widespread occurrence of ammonia-oxidizing Thaumarchaeota in coral reef ascidians (24 of 25 host species). The ascidian microbiota was clearly differentiated from seawater microbial communities and included symbiont lineages shared with other invertebrate hosts as well as unique, ascidian-specific phylotypes. Several rare seawater microbes were markedly enriched (200-700 fold) in the ascidian tunic, suggesting that the rare biosphere of seawater may act as a conduit for horizontal symbiont transfer. However, most OTUs (71%) were rare and specific to single hosts and a significant correlation between host relatedness and symbiont community similarity was detected, indicating a high degree of host-specificity and potential role of vertical transmission in structuring these communities. We hypothesize that the complex ascidian microbiota revealed herein is maintained by the dynamic microenvironments within the ascidian tunic, offering optimal conditions for different metabolic pathways such as ample chemical substrate (ammonia-rich host waste) and physical habitat (high oxygen, low irradiance) for nitrification. Thus, ascidian hosts provide unique and fertile niches for diverse microorganisms and may represent an important and previously unrecognized habitat for nitrite/nitrate regeneration in coral reef ecosystems.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Down under the tunic: bacterial biodiversity hotspots and widespread ammonia-oxidizing archaea in coral reef ascidians

et al. 2013

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“…Various marine invertebrates, including ascidians [10], bivalves [12] and sponges [25], have been documented to transmit specific bacteria vertically to the next generation. The well-studied association between the bobtail squid Euprymna scolopes and the luminous bacterium Vibrio fischeri is regarded a model for the specific establishment, development and maintenance of horizontally transmitted symbiosis [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational Transfer of Specific Bacteria in Corals and Possible Implications for Offspring Fitness

2012

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Diverse and abundant bacterial populations play important functional roles in the multi-partite association of the coral holobiont. The specificity of coral-associated assemblages remains unclear, and little is known about the inheritance of specific bacteria from the parent colony to their offspring. This study investigated if broadcast spawning and brooding corals release specific and potentially beneficial bacteria with their offspring to secure maintenance across generations. Two coral species, Acropora tenuis and Pocillopora damicornis, were maintained in 0.2 μm filtered seawater during the release of their gametes and planulae, respectively. Water samples, excluding gametes and planulae, were subsequently collected, and bacterial diversity was assessed through a pyrosequencing approach amplifying a 470-bp region of the 16S rRNA gene including the variable regions 1-3.Compared to the high bacterial diversity harboured by corals, only a few taxa of bacteria were released by adult corals. Both A. tenuis and P. damicornis released similar bacteria, and the genera Alteromonas and Roseobacter were abundant in large proportions in the seawater of both species after reproduction. This study suggests that adult corals may release bacteria with their offspring to benefit the fitness in early coral life stages.

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“…Some bacterial mutualists inhabit specialized structures in hosts (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26), whereas others range widely in host mucosa or other unstructured tissues (27)(28)(29) (Table 1). Finally, bacterial mutualists provide a great variety of benefits to hosts, including nutrients (15,17,20,26,27,30), bioluminescence (14), and antibiotic production (31)(32)(33). Although bacterial mutualists by definition provide a net fitness benefit to hosts, they can also bear features that exploit hosts (8,(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evolutionary transitions in bacterial symbiosis

Sachs

Skophammer

Regus

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

306

332

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Diverse bacterial lineages form beneficial infections with eukaryotic hosts. The origins, evolution, and breakdown of these mutualisms represent important evolutionary transitions. To examine these key events, we synthesize data from diverse interactions between bacteria and eukaryote hosts. Five evolutionary transitions are investigated, including the origins of bacterial associations with eukaryotes, the origins and subsequent stable maintenance of bacterial mutualism with hosts, the capture of beneficial symbionts via the evolution of strict vertical transmission within host lineages, and the evolutionary breakdown of bacterial mutualism. Each of these transitions has occurred many times in the history of bacterial-eukaryote symbiosis. We investigate these evolutionary events across the bacterial domain and also among a focal set of well studied bacterial mutualist lineages. Subsequently, we generate a framework for examining evolutionary transitions in bacterial symbiosis and test hypotheses about the selective, ecological, and genomic forces that shape these events.conflict | cooperation | endosymbiont | major transition | phylogeny

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Plant Rake and Algal Pouch of the Larvae in the Tropical Ascidian Diplosoma similis: An Adaptation for Vertical Transmission of Photosynthetic Symbionts Prochloron sp

Cited by 39 publications

References 7 publications

Down under the tunic: bacterial biodiversity hotspots and widespread ammonia-oxidizing archaea in coral reef ascidians

Down under the tunic: bacterial biodiversity hotspots and widespread ammonia-oxidizing archaea in coral reef ascidians

Intergenerational Transfer of Specific Bacteria in Corals and Possible Implications for Offspring Fitness

Evolutionary transitions in bacterial symbiosis

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