Plant Phospholipid Diversity: Emerging Functions in Metabolism and Protein–Lipid Interactions

Nakamura, Yuki

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2017.09.002

Cited by 115 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…N starvation reduced the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids 16:3 in MGDG and 18:3 in most glycerolipid classes in both WT and lpat4‐1 lpat5‐1 seedlings (Table ). Since TAG accumulation is induced by N starvation, which competes with polar glycerolipid biosynthesis for common precursors (PA and DAG; Nakamura, ), we next wondered whether TAG content was affected in lpat4‐1 lpat5‐1 seedlings.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID ACYLTRANSFERASES 4 and 5 are involved in glycerolipid metabolism and nitrogen starvation response in Arabidopsis

2019

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Summary Nitrogen (N) deficiency triggers an accumulation of a storage lipid triacylglycerol (TAG) in seed plants and algae. Whereas the metabolic pathway and regulatory mechanism to synthesize TAG from diacylglycerol are well known, enzymes involved in the supply of diacylglycerol remain elusive under N starvation. Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAT) catalyzes an important step of the de novo phospholipid biosynthesis pathway and thus has a strong flux control in the biosynthesis of phospholipids and TAG. Five LPAT isoforms are known in Arabidopsis; however, the functions of LPAT4 and LPAT5 remain elusive. Here, we show that LPAT4 and LPAT5 are functional endoplasmic‐reticulum‐localized LPATs. Seedlings of the double knockout mutant lpat4‐1 lpat5‐1 showed reduced content of phospholipids and TAG under normal growth condition. Under N starvation, lpat4‐1 lpat5‐1 seedlings showed severer growth defect than the wild‐type in shoot. The phenotype was similar to dgat1‐4, which affects a major TAG biosynthesis pathway and showed similarly reduced TAG content as the lpat4‐1 lpat5‐1. We suggest that LPAT4 and LPAT5 may redundantly function in endoplasmic‐reticulum‐localized de novo glycerolipid biosynthesis for phospholipids and TAG, which is important for the N starvation response in Arabidopsis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID ACYLTRANSFERASES 4 and 5 are involved in glycerolipid metabolism and nitrogen starvation response in Arabidopsis

2019

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“…The prokaryotic pathway occurs in the chloroplasts and produces the major plastidic lipids such as monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), trigalactosyldiacylglycerol (TGDG), and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG), otherwise known as sulfolipids. In contrast, the eukaryotic pathway occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and synthesizes phospholipids including phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and phosphatidylserine (PS) [27,28]. In both the prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathways, membrane lipid biosynthesis is initiated by the formation of PAs, which are then utilized to produce plastidic lipids or phospholipids, depending on the site of biosynthesis.…”

Section: Membrane and Storage Lipids Share Similar Biochemical Reactimentioning

confidence: 99%

Weathering the Cold: Modifying Membrane and Storage Fatty Acid Composition of Seeds to Improve Cold Germination Ability in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

2019

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Cotton is widely cultivated in temperate regions across the world and is often constrained by a short planting window that is bookended by low, suboptimal temperatures. With the growing interest in early season planting, improvements in the cold germination ability of cotton will be necessary to ensure the production stability of early planted crops. The importance of saturation levels of membrane and storage lipids in enhancing cold tolerance in plants, as well as improving cold germination ability in seeds have been widely researched in a range of plant species. While studies have shown that higher levels of unsaturated lipids can enhance cold germination ability and reduce seedling injury in other crops, similar efforts have been fairly limited in cotton. This review looks at the functional properties of membrane and storage lipids, and their role in membrane stability and reorganization during the early stages of germination. Additionally, the importance of storage lipid composition as an energy source to the growing embryo is described in the context of cellular energetics (i.e., fatty acid catabolism). Finally, perspectives in improving the cold germination of upland cotton by manipulating the fatty acid composition of both membrane and storage lipid content of seeds are presented.

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“…Many researchers have focused on exploring the mechanism associated with durable or partial resistance to anthracnose in plants, and genetic mapping and candidate gene analysis have been established for the identification of resistance genes, such as resistance gene analogs derived from different R‐gene motifs and calcium/calmodulin‐dependent signaling pathways (Ahn, Kim, Choi, & Lee, ; Lopez et al, ; Neary et al, ). Accumulating studies have indicated that phospholipid‐based signal transduction is widely used by the plant cells to relay the perception of extracellular signals (Nakamura, ; Poulsen et al, ). Several phospholipid‐hydrolyzing enzymes are activated and established as an appropriate defense response with perception of the invading microbe, which is found in various organisms, such as bacteria, yeast, plants, animals, and viruses (Boller & Felix, ; Munnik, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of phospholipase C in banana in response to anthracnose infection

Shuai

Jian

et al. 2020

Food Science & Nutrition

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Phospholipase C (PLC) plays an important role in plant immunity, and anthracnose caused by the Colletotrichum species is a common postharvest disease of the banana fruit. This study aims to evaluate the role of PLC in anthrax resistance in banana. The experimental group of banana samples was treated with a banana anthracnose conidia suspension, and the control group was treated with distilled water. After inoculation, the groups were sprayed with ethephon, and indicators, such as hardness and conductivity changes; PLC activity, 1,2‐diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidic acid (PA)content; and MaPLC‐1and MaPLC‐2 expression levels, were assessed at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days. Moreover, the expression levels of MaPLC‐1 and MaPLC‐2 were detected in various tissues. The hardness of banana fruits in the experimental group decreased faster than that in the control group. Furthermore, the conductivity was higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Regarding PLC activity, DAG, and PA content, bananas in the experimental group showed higher activities than those in the control group. Moreover, relatively higher expression of PLC mRNA was detected in anthracnose‐inoculated tissues. The evaluation of MaPLC‐1 and MaPLC‐2 expression levels showed that the mature peel had the highest MaPLC‐1 expression level. However, the MaPLC‐2 gene was expressed at relatively low levels in the fruit and at relatively high levels in the flower organs. PLC might play a role in fruit ripening in response to anthracnose resistance.

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Plant Phospholipid Diversity: Emerging Functions in Metabolism and Protein–Lipid Interactions

Cited by 115 publications

References 107 publications

LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID ACYLTRANSFERASES 4 and 5 are involved in glycerolipid metabolism and nitrogen starvation response in Arabidopsis

LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID ACYLTRANSFERASES 4 and 5 are involved in glycerolipid metabolism and nitrogen starvation response in Arabidopsis

Weathering the Cold: Modifying Membrane and Storage Fatty Acid Composition of Seeds to Improve Cold Germination Ability in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Role of phospholipase C in banana in response to anthracnose infection

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