Role of phospholipase C in banana in response to anthracnose infection

Abstract

Phospholipase C (PLC) plays an important role in plant immunity, and anthracnose caused by the Colletotrichum species is a common postharvest disease of the banana fruit. This study aims to evaluate the role of PLC in anthrax resistance in banana. The experimental group of banana samples was treated with a banana anthracnose conidia suspension, and the control group was treated with distilled water. After inoculation, the groups were sprayed with ethephon, and indicators, such as hardness and conductivity changes; PLC activity, 1,2‐diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidic acid (PA)content; and MaPLC‐1and MaPLC‐2 expression levels, were assessed at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days. Moreover, the expression levels of MaPLC‐1 and MaPLC‐2 were detected in various tissues. The hardness of banana fruits in the experimental group decreased faster than that in the control group. Furthermore, the conductivity was higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Regarding PLC activity, DAG, and PA content, bananas in the experimental group showed higher activities than those in the control group. Moreover, relatively higher expression of PLC mRNA was detected in anthracnose‐inoculated tissues. The evaluation of MaPLC‐1 and MaPLC‐2 expression levels showed that the mature peel had the highest MaPLC‐1 expression level. However, the MaPLC‐2 gene was expressed at relatively low levels in the fruit and at relatively high levels in the flower organs. PLC might play a role in fruit ripening in response to anthracnose resistance.

Phospholipase C: Diverse functions in plant biotic stress resistance and fungal pathogenicity

“…Citrus sinensis PI‐PLC genes respond to the early infection process by Penicillium digitatum , which can be promoted by abscisic acid (Lafuente et al, 2021). The PI‐PLC gene in banana ( Musa acuminata ) responds to infection by Colletotrichum musae , impacting conductivity and the DAG system (Table 2) (Shuai et al, 2020). PLC activity was decreased by BTH and SA in apples infected by Penicillium expansum and longan infected by Phomopsis longanae , respectively, thereby reducing postharvest diseases in fruit (Chen et al, 2020; Gong et al, 2021).…”

“…Pathogen infection induces host membrane hydrolysis, which affects the abundance and efficiency of the PLC enzyme and causes rapid phospholipid signal transduction, thereby promoting plant disease resistance (Abd‐El‐Haliem et al, 2017). However, studies have shown that PLC genes are up‐regulated in some infected plants and down‐regulated in others, and the functional differentiation associated with down‐regulated PLC genes remains unknown (Pokotylo et al, 2013; Shuai et al, 2020), therefore evaluating changes in PLC gene expression and enzyme activity during plant–pathogen interactions is highly meaningful. Although it is known that plants contain both PI‐PLC and NPC molecules that mediate phospholipid hydrolysis and DAG production, it is unclear which of these enzymes plays the primary role in disease resistance (Hong et al, 2016), therefore the function of PLC should be determined using gene editing technology to explore PLC activity during plant disease resistance.…”

Exogenous application of a Burkholderia sp. and jasmonic acid at the postharvest stage for management of anthracnose in dessert banana (Musa acuminata)

“…C. musae performs two types of infections namely, latent (quiescent) and wound (Ciofini et al, 2022; Prusky et al, 2000). Fruit damage in export banana is mainly caused by wound anthracnose (Chillet et al, 2007), and latent infection of banana fruits starts when the crop is in the plantations and develops symptoms on the peel at the stage of fruit ripening (Chillet et al, 2007; Shuai et al, 2020).…”

“…crop is in the plantations and develops symptoms on the peel at the stage of fruit ripening (Chillet et al, 2007;Shuai et al, 2020).…”