Plant PARPs, PARGs and PARP-like Proteins

Abstract

Poly(ADP-ribos)ylation, originally described as a mechanism of DNA break repair, is now considered as part of a complex regulatory system involved in dynamic reorganization of chromatin structure, transcriptional control of gene expression and regulation of metabolism. In plants poly(ADP-ribos)ylation has received surprisingly little attention. It has been implicated in abiotic and biotic stress responses, cell cycle control and development; however, the molecular mechanisms and proteins involved are largely unknown. In this review we summarize current knowledge on plant PARP, PARG and PARP-like domain containing proteins and discuss their possible roles in plant development, immune responses, programmed cell death and stress responses in general. The genome of the model plant Arabidopsis contains three genes encoding PARP proteins, two of which have been shown to be active PARPs, and two genes encoding PARG proteins, one of which was shown to possess enzymatic activity. In addition, SROs (Similar to RCD One) represent a plant specific family of proteins containing a PARP-like domain. Although bioinformatics and biochemical data suggest that the PARP-like domain in SRO proteins does not have PARP activity, these proteins play a significant role in stress response as revealed by mutant analyses. SRO proteins interact with transcription factors involved in various stress and developmental responses and are suggested to serve as hubs in many signaling pathways. Altogether current data imply that poly(ADP-ribos)ylation plays significant regulatory role in many aspects of plant biology.

Nuclear Import of Arabidopsis Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 2 Is Mediated by Importin-α and a Nuclear Localization Sequence Located Between the Predicted SAP Domains

“…Protein ADP-ribosylation is a PTM that recently has gained increasing attention in plants ( Jia et al, 2013 ; Song et al, 2015 ; Feng et al, 2016 ; Vainonen et al, 2016 ; Rissel et al, 2017 ). Enzymes of the ADP-ribosyl transferase family catalyze covalent modification of proteins and DNA with ADP-ribose.…”

Identification of the Likely Orthologues of RCD1 within the Plant Family Brassicaceae

“…Such suggestion about has also been previously made about AtRCD1 (Jaspers et al 2010). PARPs regulate highly important cell functions that include gene expression regulation, programmed cell death and DNA damage response, to name a few (Vainonen et al 2016). Hence, the activity displayed by PARP could modulate the overall function displayed by the RCD1 homologues and could be the potential target of crop-improvement strategies.…”

Nuclear import ofArabidopsisPOLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE 2 is mediated by importin-α and a nuclear localization sequence located between the predicted SAP domains

“…Protein ADP-ribosylation is a PTM that recently has gained increasing attention in plants 49 (Jia et al, 2013;Song et al, 2015; Feng et al, 2016;Vainonen et al, 2016;Rissel et al, 50 2017). Enzymes of the ADP-ribosyl transferase family catalyze covalent modification of 51 proteins and DNA with ADP-ribose.…”