Plant oils in the fight against the West Nile Vector, Culex pipiens

Baz, Mohamed M.; Selim, Abdelfattah; Radwan, Ibrahim Taha; Khater, Hanem F.

doi:10.1007/s42690-022-00762-1

“…pipiens complex of mosquitoes are significant disease carriers with a widespread distribution. They transmit the West Nile virus, the rift valley virus, the Bancroftian or lymphatic filariasis-causing Wuchereria bancrofti , the canine heartworm Dirofilaria immitis , and bird malarias ( Plasmodium relictum ) 29 – 35 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nanostructure lipid carrier of methylene blue and monoterpenes as enzymes inhibitor for Culex pipiens

Radwan

¹

,

Sayed-Ahmed

²

,

Ghazawy

³

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Solid lipid nanoparticles second generation, nanostructure lipid carrier (NLC), is one of the most important biodegradable nanoparticles. Nanostructure Lipid carrier (NLC) was used to encapsulate methylene blue (MB) dye, carvacrol and citronellal and their efficacy as insecticidal against Culex pipiens (Cx. pipiens) were distinguished. The prepared nanoformulation revealed very good physicochemical properties, especially the homogeneity of the particle size. Transmission electron microscope showed spherical shaped nanoparticles within range less than 200 nm. The prepared NLC-MB-MT system showed a very competitive insecticidal activity and high virulence against the mosquito larvae with higher mortality rate of LC50 of 0.141 µl/mL, in addition to high level of Oxidative stress parameters obtained through all the tested enzymes including hydrogen peroxide (4.8 ppm), protein carbonyl amount (0.12 OD/mg protein), ascorbic acid (0.15 mg) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed strong increasing (0.09 OD/mg protein/min) at 6 µg/mL, respectively. Whereas paradoxical results of the oxidative stress enzymes were obtained from different concentration of nanoformulation that introduce a convenient reason for their potential insecticidal effect. The cytotoxic effect of NLC-MB-MT was evaluated using WI38 human lung cell lines, the LC50 was 6.4 mg/mL. The low cytotoxic reactivity towards the tested cell line makes the NLC-MB-MT nanoformulation has its promising insecticidal efficacy. Molecular docking study for each component were done against acetylcholine esterase protein and accepted binding modes achieved by the three compounds.

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“…The arbitrary expenditure of organic chemical pesticides led to the development of tick resistance and environmental pollution; there are great challenges to using affordable alternatives to reduce the risks to humans, non-target organisms and the environment [11][12][13][14][15]. Plantbased pesticides [16] and photosensitizer are efficient substitutes to the ordinary conventional pesticides and might be environmentally sound [17,18]. Photoactive materials are not toxic in absence of light, but they are activated in light and transform into a reactive semi-stable tripletexcited state [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acaricide resistance and novel photosensitizing approach as alternative acaricides against the camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii

Mohammed

¹

,

Baz

²

,

Ibrahim

³

et al. 2022

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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The control of the camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii is very crucial. This study evaluated the novel toxicity of photosensitizers and Phoxim insecticide against H. dromedarii males using the adult immersion tests. Ticks were subjected to sunlight for 10 min post-treatment (PT). The optical characters of the applied materials were determined by UV–Vis spectroscopy (250–900 nm wavelengths). The intensity of spectra decreased as dye concentration decreased. The optical bandgap energies of the dyes at different concentrations were not changed as the concentration changed and decreased as the absorption peak of individual dyes red-shifted. The mortalities 72 h PT reached 42.2%, 44.4%, 51.1%, 71.1%, 46.7%, 48.9%, 44.4%, and 55.6% for chlorophyllin, echinochrome, field stain, methylene blue, phthalocyanine, rhodamine 6G, riboflavin, and safranin, respectively. Methylene blue recorded the highest median lethal concentration (LC50 = 127 ppm) followed by safranin, field stain, rhodamine 6G, phthalocyanine, echinochrome riboflavin, and chlorophyllin (LC50 = 209, 251, 271, 303, 324, 332, and 362 ppm, respectively, 72 h PT). Their median lethal time, LT50, values PT with 240 ppm were 45, 87, 96, 72, 129, 115, 131, and 137 h, respectively. The relative toxicities of the LC50 values 72 h PT showed that chlorophyllin, echinochrome, field stain, methylene blue, phthalocyanine, rhodamine 6G, riboflavin, and safranin were 3.2, 3.6, 4.6, 9.1, 3.8, 4.3, 3.5, and 5.6 times, respectively, more effective than Phoxim. Methylene blue, safranin, and field stain showed a broad absorbance area indicating a large photoactivity and better phototoxicity and could be used as alternative agents to synthetic acaricides. Graphical Abstract

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“…gambiae at 1000, 500, 100, 50, and 5 μ g/m concentrations [ 51 ], but Azadirachta indica , Cyperus alternifolius , Lupinus luteus , Lactuca sativa , M. alternifolia , and Persea americana show 95-100% mortalities against Cx. pipiens [ 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larvicidal Activities of Allium sativum L. and Zingiber officinale Rosc. Extracts against Filariasis Vectors in Hadiya Zone, Ethiopia

Assemie,

Gemeda

2023

BioMed Research International

3

0

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Mosquitoes present an immense threat to millions of people worldwide and act as vectors for filariasis disease. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of Allium sativum and Zingiber officinale extracts against filariasis vectors. The larvae were collected from the breeding site by using standard procedures for identification and larvicidal activities. Twenty grams (20 g) from each (Allium sativum and Zingiber officinale) were extracted separately by aqueous, ethanol, and methanol solvents. The phytochemical analysis was determined in the crude sample by using standard methods. Then, larvicidal effects were determined by introducing 10 larvae of the vectors to the concentrations of 250 ppm, 500 ppm, and 750 ppm of the crude sample, and data were subjected to probit analysis to determine the LC 50 and Chi-squared test to check the significance of the mortality by R software. Anopheles funestus, Anopheles gambiae s.l., Anopheles pharoensis, Culex antennatus, and Culex quinquefasciatus were the filariasis vectors identified during the study period. The presence of phytochemical tests such as anthraquinones, flavonoids, glycosides, phenol, saponin, steroids, tannin, and terpenes was obtained. The larvicidal effects of the selected plant extracts ranged from 0%-100%. The lowest LC 50 (53 ppm) was observed for A. sativum methanol test extract against Cx. quinquefasciatus. Ethanol extracts of A. sativum have a significant effect on An. funestus ( X 2 = 7.5 , p = 0.02352 ) and Cx. quinquefasciatus ( X 2 = 10.833 , p = 0.0.0044 ), whereas aqueous extracts have a significant effect only on An. gambiae s.l. ( X 2 = 7.0807 , p = 0.029 . Ethanol extracts of Z. officinale have a significant effect only on the mortality of An. pharoensis ( X 2 = 7.0807 , p = 0.029 ), but methanol and aqueous extracts have no significant effect against filariasis vectors. In conclusion, A. sativum have a high toxic effect than Z. officinale extract against filariasis vectors in all type of solvents. So using those plant extracts is the best to reduce the risk of the synthetic chemical on nontarget organisms and the environment, in addition to the control of mosquito-borne diseases, but further studies will be conducted to evaluate the toxicity at different stages of the vectors.

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Plant oils in the fight against the West Nile Vector, Culex pipiens

Cited by 14 publications

References 48 publications

Effect of nanostructure lipid carrier of methylene blue and monoterpenes as enzymes inhibitor for Culex pipiens

Effect of nanostructure lipid carrier of methylene blue and monoterpenes as enzymes inhibitor for Culex pipiens

Acaricide resistance and novel photosensitizing approach as alternative acaricides against the camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii

Larvicidal Activities of Allium sativum L. and Zingiber officinale Rosc. Extracts against Filariasis Vectors in Hadiya Zone, Ethiopia

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