Effect of nanostructure lipid carrier of methylene blue and monoterpenes as enzymes inhibitor for Culex pipiens

Abstract

Solid lipid nanoparticles second generation, nanostructure lipid carrier (NLC), is one of the most important biodegradable nanoparticles. Nanostructure Lipid carrier (NLC) was used to encapsulate methylene blue (MB) dye, carvacrol and citronellal and their efficacy as insecticidal against Culex pipiens (Cx. pipiens) were distinguished. The prepared nanoformulation revealed very good physicochemical properties, especially the homogeneity of the particle size. Transmission electron microscope showed spherical shaped nanoparticles within range less than 200 nm. The prepared NLC-MB-MT system showed a very competitive insecticidal activity and high virulence against the mosquito larvae with higher mortality rate of LC50 of 0.141 µl/mL, in addition to high level of Oxidative stress parameters obtained through all the tested enzymes including hydrogen peroxide (4.8 ppm), protein carbonyl amount (0.12 OD/mg protein), ascorbic acid (0.15 mg) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed strong increasing (0.09 OD/mg protein/min) at 6 µg/mL, respectively. Whereas paradoxical results of the oxidative stress enzymes were obtained from different concentration of nanoformulation that introduce a convenient reason for their potential insecticidal effect. The cytotoxic effect of NLC-MB-MT was evaluated using WI38 human lung cell lines, the LC50 was 6.4 mg/mL. The low cytotoxic reactivity towards the tested cell line makes the NLC-MB-MT nanoformulation has its promising insecticidal efficacy. Molecular docking study for each component were done against acetylcholine esterase protein and accepted binding modes achieved by the three compounds.

Effects of Piper aduncum (Piperales: Piperaceae) Essential Oil and Its Main Component Dillapiole on Detoxifying Enzymes and Acetylcholinesterase Activity of Amblyomma sculptum (Acari: Ixodidae)

“…An increase in the activity of detoxifying enzymes (GST, α-EST, β-EST) was observed for A. sculptum larvae treated with P. aduncum EO and pure Dillapiole, reaching its peak at the sublethal concentration (LC 50 ). This elevation in the activity of detoxifying en-zymes from arthropods is, in general, a result of their defense mechanisms against certain substances [40,41]. Similar to the results obtained in this study, a significant increase in GST activity was found in a susceptible strain of R. microplus (Porto Alegre) when treated with sublethal concentrations (LC 1 , LC 25 , and LC 50 ) of two monoterpenes (carvacrol and thymol) [29].…”

Nanostructure Lipid Carrier of Curcumin Co-Delivered with Linalool and Geraniol Monoterpenes as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor of Culex pipiens

“…This information was used while evaluating the experiment’s results. Insects produce more antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes because of their defense systems against some insecticides [ 48 ]. These findings focus on the oxidation of superoxide anion radicals (O −2 ) to oxygen and H 2 O 2 to explain the function of the SOD enzymes [ 49 ].…”

“…The synthesis of lipid carrier nanoparticles encapsulating Cur, co-delivering linalool and geraniol monoterpenes (NLC-Cur-LG) was performed using a homogenization procedure in accordance with Radwan et al [ 48 ] with crucial modifications. The synthesis protocol included three main steps: briefly, the aqueous solution was prepared in the first beaker (B1) as follows: 6 mL deionized water, 0.1 mL butanol as co-surfactant, and 5 mL Tween 20 were well combined with a thoroughly agitated pre-warmed mixture of equivalent quantities of sodium glycocholate and sodium taurocholate (each one 0.35 g) dissolved in 10 mL water and maintained at 45 °C.…”