Plant Mutagenesis and Crop Improvement

Riaz, Ambash; Gul, Alvina

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23162-4_8

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Induced mutation (physical or chemical) has been documented as an impressive method to effectively improve food production in rice, sunflower, wheat, and many other crop varieties [13,14]. Previous works have assessed the efficacy of mutants and indicated that induced mutation showed intensive impacts on rice production, especially in the Asia-Pacific area [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutation Breeding of a N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-Induced Rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. Indica) Population for the Yield Attributing Traits

et al. 2019

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Difficulties in breeding new rice cultivars that have a high yield, are acceptable quality, and are tolerant to environmental stresses have been the major constraint of rice production in many developing countries, as these traits are determined by multiple genes associated with complicated and uncontrollable gene segregations.Furthermore, the gene/QTL (quantitative trait locus) introduced to the cultivar is unstable due to the interaction among the active genes, which determine the phenotypic performance, not yet been well understood or controllable. In this study, the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mutation was applied to the heterozygote of the F1 generation from the cross between TBR1 (female) and KD18 (male parent). The phenotype and genotype of the M2 and M3 generations were evaluated and showed that the mutant population phenotypes, including the plant height, semi-dwarfism, amylose content, protein content, gel consistency, grain yield, and spikelet fertility, varied. Interestingly, no segregation among the genotypes in the M2 and M3 generations was observed, while the genotypes of the control population were either paternally inherited or indeterminable when using 28 polymorphism simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers that were identified on parental lines from 200 markers. The MNU-induced mutation caused maternal inheritance in the segregating populations, as primarily important agronomic traits were maternally succeeded from the female line TBR1. The findings of this study indicated that, through the use of MNU, the breeding of rice cultivars with close genetic backgrounds (similarity coefficient = 0.52) could be shortened by the maternal control of important qualities, such as pest and disease resistance and high yield, thus contributing to sustainable rice production for rice farmers. Further examination of rice cultivars with a greater difference in the genetic background should be subsequently conducted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutation Breeding of a N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-Induced Rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. Indica) Population for the Yield Attributing Traits

et al. 2019

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“…Physical and chemical factors are mainly mutagens to create mutagenesis in plant [6,9,12]. Chemical mutagens can provide a very high mutation frequency; moreover, they were very easy to use without specialized equipment [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Performance of Rice (<i>Oryza sativa </i>L<i>.</i>) Populations Induced by the MNU Mutant on the Adaptive Characteristics

Anh

Xuan

Huong

et al. 2019

JHPR

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Mutation is an impressive method to induce potent characteristics in rice breeding. Evaluation on the phenotypic perfomance in mutant populations is important to examine the effectiveness of mutation. In this study, two rice populations of MNU ((N-methyl-N-Nitrosourea) -induced mutants were used to evaluate their phenotypes. The results showed that all of varieties and mutants expressed their ability to adapt with new environment condition via phenotypic expression. Grain yield of them ranged from 6.18 to 10.70 tons/ha. In general population S/TB performed their best characters. The distribution of related traits to grain yield and amylose content were also different from each population. It was observed that mutants expressed better characters than their parents. This study provided general information on phenotype of rice mutants and varieties in new environmental condition and revealed better adaptive characteristics of rice mutants. Findings of this study confirmed the the efficacy of MNU in rice breeding.

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“…gamma cell irradiators) or in the field (i.e. gamma chamber or room, field, or greenhouse) (Mba, 2013 ; Riaz and Gul, 2015 ). For the non‐ionising radiation, irradiation with UV rays is the most used method.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the use of UV treatment in random mutagenesis is more limited compared to X‐ and γ‐rays because UV rays can penetrate plant material to a lesser extent compared to the other ionising radiations (Bado et al., 2015 ). Within the UV radiation spectrum, UV‐C rays are the most frequently used to treat cells (Riaz and Gul, 2015 ; Spencer‐Lopes et al., 2018 ). Fast neutron bombardment (FNB) has also become a popular physical mutagen.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fast neutron bombardment (FNB) has also become a popular physical mutagen. FNB usually causes larger chromosomal deletions, loss of chromosomes and translocation in the plant genome compared to γ‐rays which usually cause smaller deletions (Riaz and Gul, 2015 ). Ion beams, mainly produced by particle accelerators using 20 Ne, 14 N, 12 C, 7 Li, 40 Ar or 56 Fe as radioisotope sources, started to gain traction in the early 1990s in China and Japan.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vivo and in vitro random mutagenesis techniques in plants

Mullins¹,

Bresson²,

Dalmay³

et al. 2021

EFS2

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Mutations are changes in the genetic material that may be transmitted to subsequent generations. Mutations appear spontaneously in nature and are one of the underlying driving forces of evolution. In plants, in vivo and in vitro random mutagenesis relies on the application of physical and chemical mutagens to increase the frequency of mutations thus accelerating the selection of varieties with important agronomic traits. The European Commission has requested EFSA to provide a more detailed description of in vivo and in vitro random mutagenesis techniques and the types of mutations and mechanisms involved, to be able to conclude on whether in vivo and in vitro random mutagenesis techniques are to be considered different techniques. To address the European Commission request, a literature search was conducted to collect information on the random mutagenesis techniques used in plants both in vivo and in vitro, on the type of mutations generated by such techniques and on the molecular mechanisms underlying formation of those mutations. The GMO Panel concludes that most physical and chemical mutagenesis techniques have been applied both in vivo and in vitro; the mutation process and the repair mechanisms act at cellular level and thus there is no difference between application of the mutagen in vivo or in vitro; and the type of mutations induced by a specific mutagen are expected to be the same, regardless of whether such mutagen is applied in vivo or in vitro. Indeed, the same mutation and the derived trait in a given plant species can be potentially obtained using both in vivo and in vitro random mutagenesis and the resulting mutants would be indistinguishable. Therefore, the GMO Panel concludes that the distinction between plants obtained by in vitro or in vivo approaches is not justified.

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Plant Mutagenesis and Crop Improvement

Cited by 8 publications

References 98 publications

Mutation Breeding of a N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-Induced Rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. Indica) Population for the Yield Attributing Traits

Mutation Breeding of a N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-Induced Rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. Indica) Population for the Yield Attributing Traits

Phenotypic Performance of Rice (<i>Oryza sativa </i>L<i>.</i>) Populations Induced by the MNU Mutant on the Adaptive Characteristics

In vivo and in vitro random mutagenesis techniques in plants

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