Plant Morphology and Stand Geometry in Relation to Nitrogen

Chandler, Robert F.

doi:10.2135/1969.physiologicalaspects.c30

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Lodging resistance is an important trait necessary for achieving high grain yield in rice production (Khush, 1999). The success of semi-dwarf rice in improving lodging resistance and increasing grain yield since the ''green revolution'' (Chandler and Robert, 1969;Xuchu, 1987) has resulted in a great deal of interest in finding semi-dwarf genes suitable for breeding elite rice varieties. Although more than 70 genes have been reported to manipulate plant height and cause dwarfism in rice, they are rarely applied to rice breeding due to defects caused to other agronomic traits (Sasaki et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shortened Basal Internodes Encodes a Gibberellin 2-Oxidase and Contributes to Lodging Resistance in Rice

et al. 2018

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Breeding semi-dwarf varieties to improve lodging resistance has been proven to be enormously successful in increasing grain yield since the advent of the "green revolution." However, the breeding of the majority of semi-dwarf rice varieties in Asia has been dependent mainly on genetic introduction of the mutant alleles of SD1, which encodes a gibberellin (GA) 20-oxidase, OsGA20ox2, for catalyzing GA biosynthesis. Here, we report a new rice lodging-resistance gene, Shortened Basal Internodes (SBI), which encodes a gibberellin 2-oxidase and specifically controls the elongation of culm basal internodes through deactivating GA activity. SBI is predominantly expressed in culm basal internodes. Genetic analyses indicate that SBI is a semi-dominant gene affecting rice height and lodging resistance. SBI allelic variants display different activities and are associated with the height of rice varieties. Breeding with higher activity of the SBI allele generates new rice varieties with improved lodging resistance and increased yield. The discovery of the SBI provides a desirable gene resource for producing semi-dwarf rice phenotypes and offers an effective strategy for breeding rice varieties with enhanced lodging resistance and high yield.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shortened Basal Internodes Encodes a Gibberellin 2-Oxidase and Contributes to Lodging Resistance in Rice

et al. 2018

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“…The sensitivity analysis also showed that high N 0 also favored increasing P c under E‐CO 2 (Table ). However, the amount of nitrogen that a plant can ingest may be limited and further loading nitrogen may increase damage associated with lodging and degrade grain quality (Chandler, ; Savary, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing canopy photosynthesis in rice can be achieved without a large increase in water use—A model based on free‐air CO₂ enrichment

Ikawa

Chen

Sikma

et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

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Achieving higher canopy photosynthesis rates is one of the keys to increasing future crop production; however, this typically requires additional water inputs because of increased water loss through the stomata. Lowland rice canopies presently consume a large amount of water, and any further increase in water usage may significantly impact local water resources. This situation is further complicated by changing the environmental conditions such as rising atmospheric CO concentration ([CO ]). Here, we modeled and compared evapotranspiration of fully developed rice canopies of a high-yielding rice cultivar (Oryza sativa L. cv. Takanari) with a common cultivar (cv. Koshihikari) under ambient and elevated [CO ] (A-CO and E-CO , respectively) via leaf ecophysiological parameters derived from a free-air CO enrichment (FACE) experiment. Takanari had 4%-5% higher evapotranspiration than Koshihikari under both A-CO and E-CO , and E-CO decreased evapotranspiration of both varieties by 4%-6%. Therefore, if Takanari was cultivated under future [CO ] conditions, the cost for water could be maintained at the same level as for cultivating Koshihikari at current [CO ] with an increase in canopy photosynthesis by 36%. Sensitivity analyses determined that stomatal conductance was a significant physiological factor responsible for the greater canopy photosynthesis in Takanari over Koshihikari. Takanari had 30%-40% higher stomatal conductance than Koshihikari; however, the presence of high aerodynamic resistance in the natural field and lower canopy temperature of Takanari than Koshihikari resulted in the small difference in evapotranspiration. Despite the small difference in evapotranspiration between varieties, the model simulations showed that Takanari clearly decreased canopy and air temperatures within the planetary boundary layer compared to Koshihikari. Our results indicate that lowland rice varieties characterized by high-stomatal conductance can play a key role in enhancing productivity and moderating heat-induced damage to grain quality in the coming decades, without significantly increasing crop water use.

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“…It has HI of 0.45. Its yield potential is 8–9 tons per hectare (Chandler ). This plant type was accepted widely, and most of the rice breeding programmes world over adopted this plant type.…”

Section: Ideotype Breeding (New Plant Type)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for increasing the yield potential of cereals: case of rice as an example

2013

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Rice is the most important food crop. Worldwide, more than 3.5 billion people depend upon rice for more than 20% of their calories. Global rice demand is estimated to rise from 676 million tons in 2010 to 763 million tons in 2020 and to further increase to 852 million tons in 2035. This is an overall increase of 176 million tons in the next 25 years. To meet this challenge rice production on existing land must be increased. Grain production is largely influenced by the yield potential of rice varieties. Therefore, improvement in the yield potential of rice is the major strategy to increase world rice production. Various strategies to increase the yield potential include; (1) conventional hybridization and selection, (2) ideotype breeding, (3) hybrid breeding, (4) exploitation of wild species germplasm, (5) enhancement of photosynthesis, (6) genomic approaches and (7) physiological approaches. Rice has become a model plant for genetics and breeding research. Advances in molecular biology and genomics, proteomics and metabolics have opened new avenues to apply innovative approaches to rice breeding. Molecular‐assisted selection (MAS) has become an integral component of germplasm improvement. A large number of genes/QTLs for various traits have been tagged with molecular markers to apply MAS for trait improvement. Genome sequence data have become an important source for detecting allelic variation. It is now possible to precisely understand the role of epigenetic changes in gene expression, thus understanding the stability of various stresses under changing environments. All these advances when integrated with conventional breeding will result in designer rice varieties to meet the challenges of rice food security in 21th century.

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Plant Morphology and Stand Geometry in Relation to Nitrogen

Cited by 31 publications

References 7 publications

Shortened Basal Internodes Encodes a Gibberellin 2-Oxidase and Contributes to Lodging Resistance in Rice

Shortened Basal Internodes Encodes a Gibberellin 2-Oxidase and Contributes to Lodging Resistance in Rice

Increasing canopy photosynthesis in rice can be achieved without a large increase in water use—A model based on free‐air CO₂ enrichment

Strategies for increasing the yield potential of cereals: case of rice as an example

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Plant Morphology and Stand Geometry in Relation to Nitrogen

Cited by 31 publications

References 7 publications

Shortened Basal Internodes Encodes a Gibberellin 2-Oxidase and Contributes to Lodging Resistance in Rice

Shortened Basal Internodes Encodes a Gibberellin 2-Oxidase and Contributes to Lodging Resistance in Rice

Increasing canopy photosynthesis in rice can be achieved without a large increase in water use—A model based on free‐air CO2 enrichment

Strategies for increasing the yield potential of cereals: case of rice as an example

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Increasing canopy photosynthesis in rice can be achieved without a large increase in water use—A model based on free‐air CO₂ enrichment