Plant–microbe interactions: identification of epiphytic bacteria and their ability to alter leaf surface permeability

Schreiber, Lukas; Krimm, Ursula; Knoll, Daniel; Sayed, M. T.; Auling, Georg; Kroppenstedt, Reiner M.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01343.x

Cited by 136 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…This raises the question as to how the T3SS functions across the plant cuticle. Several different bacterial epiphytes can alter leaf surface properties and affect cuticle permeability (Schreiber et al, 2005). We hypothesize that Psy728a can also modify cuticle properties to allow access of the T3SS secretion needle to the plant epidermal cell membrane.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type III Secretion and Effectors Shape the Survival and Growth Pattern of Pseudomonas syringae on Leaf Surfaces

et al. 2012

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The bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae B728a (PsyB728a) uses a type III secretion system (T3SS) to inject effector proteins into plant cells, a process that modulates the susceptibility of different plants to infection. Analysis of GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN-expressing PsyB728a after spray inoculation without additives under moderate relative humidity conditions permitted (1) a detailed analysis of this strain’s survival and growth pattern on host (Nicotiana benthamiana) and nonhost (tomato [Solanum lycopersicum]) leaf surfaces, (2) an assessment of the role of plant defenses in affecting PsyB728a leaf surface (epiphytic) growth, and (3) the contribution of the T3SS and specific effectors to PsyB728a epiphytic survival and growth. On host leaf surfaces, PsyB728a cells initially persist without growing, and show an increased population only after 48 h, unless plants are pretreated with the defense-inducing chemical benzothiazole. During the persistence period, some PsyB728a cells induce a T3SS reporter, whereas a T3SS-deficient mutant shows reduced survival. By 72 h, rare invasion by PsyB728a to the mesophyll region of host leaves occurs, but endophytic and epiphytic bacterial growths are not correlated. The effectors HopZ3 and HopAA1 delay the onset of epiphytic growth of PsyB728a on N. benthamiana, whereas they promote epiphytic survival/growth on tomato. These effectors localize to distinct sites in plant cells and likely have different mechanisms of action. HopZ3 may enzymatically modify host targets, as it requires residues important for the catalytic activity of other proteins in its family of proteases. Thus, the T3SS, HopAA1, HopZ3, and plant defenses strongly influence epiphytic survival and/or growth of PsyB728a.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type III Secretion and Effectors Shape the Survival and Growth Pattern of Pseudomonas syringae on Leaf Surfaces

et al. 2012

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“…Consequently, living conditions in the habitat phyllosphere are improved. It can be concluded that the ability to change leaf surface properties will improve epiphytic fitness of pseudomonads (Schreiber et al, 2005). Legard et al (1994) reported 15 bacteria were frequently recovered and identified on wheat leaves in the glasshouse and field, but only Pseudomonas aureofaciens kept similar frequency in all experiments.…”

Section: Dgge and Diversity Analysismentioning

confidence: 96%

“…(WD4, WD14 and WD16) were the favorite bacteria and grew well on the control wheat leaves according DGGE through this experiment, which was similar to the clone library analysis. Schreiber et al (2005) reported that the inoculation of Pseudomonas sp. increased water permeability of Hedera and Prunus cuticles, which in turn increase the availability of water and dissolved compounds in the phyllopshere.…”

Section: Dgge and Diversity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the impact of fungicide enostroburin application on bacterial community in wheat phyllosphere

Bai

Jin

et al. 2010

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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Fungicides have been used extensively for controlling fungal pathogens of plants. However, little is known regarding the effects that fungicides upon the indigenous bacterial communities within the plant phyllosphere. The aims of this study were to assess the impact of fungicide enostroburin upon bacterial communities in wheat phyllosphere. Culture-independent methodologies of 16S rDNA clone library and 16S rDNA directed polymerase chain reaction with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) were used for monitoring the change of bacterial community. The 16S rDNA clone library and PCR-DGGE analysis both confirmed the microbial community of wheat plant phyllosphere were predominantly of the γ-Proteobacteria phyla. Results from PCR-DGGE analysis indicated a significant change in bacterial community structure within the phyllosphere following fungicide enostroburin application. Bands sequenced within control cultures were predominantly of Pseudomonas genus, but those bands sequenced in the treated samples were predominantly strains of Pantoea genus and Pseudomonas genus. Of interest was the appearance of two DGGE bands following fungicide treatment, one of which had sequence similarities (98%) to Pantoea sp. which might be a competitor of plant pathogens. This study revealed the wheat phyllosphere bacterial community composition and a shift in the bacterial community following fungicide enostroburin application.

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“…A smooth cuticle was reported in Mikania lanuginosa leaves [37], whereas varied cuticular ornamentation (smooth, undulating, wrinkled, or striated) was observed in several species of the genus Cyanus [38]. As a chemically stable epidermal layer, the cuticle serves a very important function in plant water metabolism and constitutes a mechanical protective barrier against abiotic environmental factors, pathogenic microbial penetration, and pest infestation inside the organ [39][40][41][42][43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micromorphology of the epidermis and anatomical structure of the leaves of Scorzonera hispanica L.

Chwil

Krawiec

et al. 2015

Acta Soc Bot Pol

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In Poland Scorzonera hispanica L. is rare in the wild. This species is used as a vegetable and medicinal plant. Currently, attempts are being made to introduce this plant into cultivation in Poland. In this study, comparative analyses were conducted of the epidermis surface micromorphology and anatomical structure of the leaves of S. hispanica 'Maxima' and 'Meres' . The investigations were performed using fluorescence, light and scanning electron microscopy. The cuticle on the surface of epidermal cells is smooth or striated. In the epidermis, there are anomocytic stomata. The stomatal index in the epidermis of the studied cultivars is 9.3-11%. In the midrib of the leaf, there is an aerial cavity which occupies a substantial area. In this place, cracking and breaking of the leaf blade were observed. Over the aerial cavity under the adaxial epidermis, there is a single layer of collenchyma cells and 1-2 rows of parenchyma cells. Tangential collenchyma is also present between the abaxial epidermis and large vascular bundles located in the midrib and on both sides of the large vascular bundles in the lamina. This tissue strengthens the leaf margin. The mesophyll cells located in the abaxial epidermis of the midrib form protrusions surrounding the large vascular bundles. The leaves of S. hispanica represent the equifacial type.

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Plant–microbe interactions: identification of epiphytic bacteria and their ability to alter leaf surface permeability

Cited by 136 publications

References 32 publications

Type III Secretion and Effectors Shape the Survival and Growth Pattern of Pseudomonas syringae on Leaf Surfaces

Type III Secretion and Effectors Shape the Survival and Growth Pattern of Pseudomonas syringae on Leaf Surfaces

Assessing the impact of fungicide enostroburin application on bacterial community in wheat phyllosphere

Micromorphology of the epidermis and anatomical structure of the leaves of Scorzonera hispanica L.

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