Plant Lysophosphatidic Acids: A Rich Source for Bioactive Lysophosphatidic Acids and Their Pharmacological Applications

Lee, Byung-Hwan; Choi, Sun-Hye; Kim, Hyeonjoong; Jung, Sung-Jin; Kim, Ho-Kyoung; Nah, Seung‐Yeol

doi:10.1248/bpb.b15-00575

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Although the precise mechanisms underlying the dietary regulation of LPA levels remain to be uncovered, it is possible that higher dietary content of preformed LPA contributes to variations in circulating LPA levels. LPA has been detected in several plant and animal foods, including eggs [ 60 ], cabbage leaves, broccoli [ 61 ], soybeans, and sunflower seeds ( Figure 2 ) [ 62 ]. Dietary LPAs, especially those containing mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, appear to be well-absorbed in the mouse and rat intestine [ 59 , 63 ].…”

Section: Synthesis and Degradation Of Lpamentioning

confidence: 99%

Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling in Obesity and Insulin Resistance

2018

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Although simple in structure, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a potent bioactive lipid that profoundly influences cellular signaling and function upon binding to G protein-coupled receptors (LPA1-6). The majority of circulating LPA is produced by the secreted enzyme autotaxin (ATX). Alterations in LPA signaling, in conjunction with changes in autotaxin (ATX) expression and activity, have been implicated in metabolic and inflammatory disorders including obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes our current understanding of the sources and metabolism of LPA with focus on the influence of diet on circulating LPA. Furthermore, we explore how the ATX-LPA pathway impacts obesity and obesity-associated disorders, including impaired glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease.

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Section: Synthesis and Degradation Of Lpamentioning

confidence: 99%

Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling in Obesity and Insulin Resistance

2018

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“…ACCase facilitates the biotin-dependent carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to produce malonyl-CoA, which generates the biosynthesis of fatty acids 22 . LPAAT facilitates the acylation of sn-1-acyl lysophosphatidic acid (lysoPA) to form phosphatidic acid, which is the common part of the phospholipid 23 . In addition, DGAT is a key regulator facilitating the formation of triglycerides by the combination of diacylglycerol and a third acly-CoA 24 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanotransduction-Induced Lipid Production System with High Robustness and Controllability for Microalgae

Cho

Shin

2016

Sci Rep

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Microalgae lipids are a promising energy source, but current biochemical methods of lipid-inductions such as nitrogen deprivation have low process robustness and controllability. Recently, use of mechanotransduction based membrane distortion by applying compression stress in a 2D-microsystem was suggested as a way to overcome these limitations of biochemical induction. However, reproduction in large numbers of cells without cell death has been difficult to overcome because compression for direct membrane distortion reduces culture volume and leads to cell death due to nutrient deprivation. In this study, a mechanotransduction-induced lipid production (MDLP) system that redirects elastic microbeads to induce membrane distortion of microalgae with alleviating cell death was developed. This system resulted in accumulation of lipid in as little as 4 hr. Once compressed, porous microbeads absorb media and swell simultaneously while homogeneously inducing compression stress of microalgae. The absorbed media within beads could be supplied to adjacent cells and could minimize cell death from nutrient deficiency. All mechanotransduction was confirmed by measuring upregulation of calcium influx and Mat3 genes. The microbeads ensured robustness and controllability in repeated compression/de-compression processes. Overall, the MDLP system has potential for use as a fundamental biodiesel process that requires robustness and controllability.

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“…Choline, ethanolamine, or an inositol group can be also added to the phosphate group of LPA to produce LPC, LPE or LPI. 48 Interestingly, in gintonin and GEF, the major group added to LPA to produce LPI is inositol. LPAs can be further acylated to form PAs by LPA acyltransferase, 48 of which the second acyl group could also be palmitic (C 16:0 ), linoleic (C 18:2 ), or oleic acid (C 18:1 ) in order of prevalence in GEF ( Fig.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Lipid Components Of Gintonin And Gefmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginseng gintonin, aging societies, and geriatric brain diseases

Choi

Lee

Nam

et al. 2021

Integrative Medicine Research

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Background A dramatic increase in aging populations and low birth rates rapidly drive aging societies and increase aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases. However, functional food or medicinal formulations to prevent geriatric brain disorders are not readily available. Panax ginseng is a candidate, since ginseng has long-been consumed as a rejuvenating agent. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and the components of ginseng that are responsible for brain rejuvenation and human longevity are unknown. Accumulating evidence shows that gintonin is a candidate for the anti-aging ingredient of ginseng, especially in brain senescence. Methods Gintonin, a glycolipoprotein complex, contains three lipid-derived G protein-coupled receptor ligands: lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs), lysophosphatidylinositols (LPIs), and linoleic acid (LA). LPA, LPI, and LA act on six LPA receptor subtypes, GPR55, and GPR40, respectively. These G protein-coupled receptors are distributed within the nervous and non-nervous systems of the human body. Results Gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) exhibits anti-brain senescence and effects against disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Oral administration of gintonin in animal models of d -galactose-induced brain aging, AD, HD, and PD restored cognitive and motor functions. The underlying molecular mechanisms of gintonin-mediated anti-brain aging and anti-neurodegenerative diseases include neurogenesis, autophagy stimulation, anti-apoptosis, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-inflammatory activities. This review describes the characteristics of gintonin and GEF, and how gintonin exerts its effects on brain aging and brain associated-neurodegenerative diseases. Conclusion Finally, we describe how GEF can be applied to improve the quality of life of senior citizens in aging societies.

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Plant Lysophosphatidic Acids: A Rich Source for Bioactive Lysophosphatidic Acids and Their Pharmacological Applications

Cited by 22 publications

References 31 publications

Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling in Obesity and Insulin Resistance

Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling in Obesity and Insulin Resistance

Mechanotransduction-Induced Lipid Production System with High Robustness and Controllability for Microalgae

Ginseng gintonin, aging societies, and geriatric brain diseases

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