Plant-insect herbivore interactions in elevated CO2 environments

Lincoln, David E.; Fajer, Eric D.; Johnson, Robert

doi:10.1016/0169-5347(93)90161-h

Cited by 288 publications

(237 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Generally, elevated CO 2 increased the accumulation of total CBSC and specific carbon-based secondary compounds as has been proven in previous studies (Lincoln et al, 1993;Bezemer and Jones, 1998;Hunter, 2001;Zvereva and Kozlov, 2006). However, the climate changes predicted also include rising temperatures, and in this study, changes of only 2 K eliminated the effect of elevated CO 2 on analyzed carbon-based secondary compounds within the leaves.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…The effect was present also in the combination of the treatments, although not so intense. Starch may or may not enhance the herbivore's ability to digest leaves, whereas structural carbohydrates (cellulose, hemicellulose), as well as lignin, will very likely interfere with feeding and digestion, especially that of small larvae (Lincoln et al, 1993;Reavey, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do Elevated Temperature and CO2 Generally Have Counteracting Effects on Phenolic Phytochemistry of Boreal Trees?

Veteli

Mattson²,

Niemelä

et al. 2007

J Chem Ecol

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Global climate change includes concomitant changes in many components of the abiotic flux necessary for plant life. In this paper, we investigate the combined effects of elevated CO 2 (720 ppm) and temperature (+2 K) on the phytochemistry of three deciduous tree species. The analysis revealed that elevated CO 2 generally stimulated increased carbon partitioning to various classes of phenolic compounds, whereas an increase in temperature had the opposite effect. The combined effects of both elevated CO 2 and temperature were additive, i.e., canceling one another's individual effects. Obviously, the effects of global climate change on leaf chemistry must simultaneously consider both temperature and CO 2 . If these results are generally applicable, then the counteracting effect of the temperature is likely to play a major role in alpine, boreal, and arctic zones in determining the balance between populations of plants and herbivores.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Elevated Temperature and CO2 Generally Have Counteracting Effects on Phenolic Phytochemistry of Boreal Trees?

Veteli

Mattson²,

Niemelä

et al. 2007

J Chem Ecol

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“…From several feeding experiments it has been reported that insects tend to increase their feeding activity when supplied with N-diluted, high CO 2 grown food (see review by Lincoln, Fajer & Johnson 1993). Increased starch levels in leaves were found to stimulate 'compensatory' feeding of grasshoppers on Artemisia tridendata and it was proposed that increasing leaf starch may even affect herbivory more than reduced leaf nitrogen status (Johnson & Lincoln 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ effects of elevated CO₂ on the carbon and nitrogen status of alpine plants

Schäppi

Körner

1997

Functional Ecology

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Summary1. The effect of elevated CO 2 on tissue composition in an alpine grassland (Swiss Central Alps, 2500 m) under both natural and increased nutrient supply (NPK) is summarized. 2. During 3 years of CO 2 enrichment the concentration of total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) in leaves increased by 32% in Leontodon helveticus (largely sugar) and by 56% in Trifolium alpinum (largely starch) but did not change significantly in the dominant sedge Carex curvula and in Poa alpina, currently a rare species at this site. 3. Enhanced mineral nutrient supply (unlike elevated CO 2 ) greatly stimulated growth but did not reduce the CO 2 -induced TNC accumulation. 4. Under elevated CO 2 nitrogen concentrations (per g TNC-free dry matter) of green leaves decreased in Leontodon (-21%) and in Trifolium (-24%) but not or only slightly in Carex and in Poa. NPK addition compensated this CO 2 effect on nitrogen concentration in Trifolium but not in the other species. 5. In below-ground tissue neither TNC nor nitrogen concentration responded to CO 2 fertilization. 6. The nitrogen pool per unit land area at peak season biomass remained unaffected by the CO 2 treatment. 7. Overall our results suggest that the late successional dominant sedge Carex curvula remains unaffected by elevated CO 2 , independently of mineral nutrient supply, whereas the co-dominant and sub-dominant forbs Leontodon helveticus and Trifolium alpinum show both an increase of TNC as well as N depletion under elevated CO 2 . 8. None of these changes in active plant tissue translate into compositional changes in naturally senesced litter suggesting caution with predictions of CO 2 effects on decomposition based on data from green plant material.

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“…Food webs incorporating plants and phytophagous insects account for up to 75% of modern global biodiversity (2), so their response to this anthropogenic change will have a profound effect on the biosphere. Experiments show that plants grown in elevated CO 2 tend to accumulate more carbon and have a higher carbon:nitrogen ratio; they are, therefore, nutritionally poorer (3)(4)(5), leading to an average compensatory increase in insect consumption rates (6) as nitrogen becomes limiting. Modern insect herbivory and herbivore diversity are greatest overall in the tropics (7)(8)(9)(10), implying a broad correlation between temperature and herbivory, and Pliocene-Pleistocene fossils show rapid shifts in the geographic ranges of insects in response to climate change (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sharply increased insect herbivory during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum

Currano

Wilf

Wing

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

240

230

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The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, 55.8 Ma), an abrupt global warming event linked to a transient increase in pCO 2, was comparable in rate and magnitude to modern anthropogenic climate change. Here we use plant fossils from the Bighorn Basin of Wyoming to document the combined effects of temperature and pCO 2 on insect herbivory. We examined 5,062 fossil leaves from five sites positioned before, during, and after the PETM (59 -55.2 Ma). The amount and diversity of insect damage on angiosperm leaves, as well as the relative abundance of specialized damage, correlate with rising and falling temperature. All reach distinct maxima during the PETM, and every PETM plant species is extensively damaged and colonized by specialized herbivores. Our study suggests that increased insect herbivory is likely to be a net long-term effect of anthropogenic pCO 2 increase and warming temperatures.Bighorn Basin ͉ paleobotany ͉ plant-insect interactions ͉ rapid climate change D uring the 21st century, global surface temperature is expected to increase 1.8-4.0°C as higher atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (especially CO 2 ) are generated by human activities (1). Food webs incorporating plants and phytophagous insects account for up to 75% of modern global biodiversity (2), so their response to this anthropogenic change will have a profound effect on the biosphere. Experiments show that plants grown in elevated CO 2 tend to accumulate more carbon and have a higher carbon:nitrogen ratio; they are, therefore, nutritionally poorer (3-5), leading to an average compensatory increase in insect consumption rates (6) as nitrogen becomes limiting. Modern insect herbivory and herbivore diversity are greatest overall in the tropics (7-10), implying a broad correlation between temperature and herbivory, and Pliocene-Pleistocene fossils show rapid shifts in the geographic ranges of insects in response to climate change (11). These existing data provide limited insight into future changes, however. The complexity of plant-insect food webs makes it difficult to generalize from experiments to the response of natural ecosystems over long time scales (12). Modern and PliocenePleistocene insect biogeographic patterns have not been directly linked to pCO 2 and do not document the response of plant-insect food webs to rapid increases in temperature and pCO 2 . Well preserved Paleocene-Eocene fossil angiosperm leaves show insect feeding damage and, therefore, can be used to investigate the net effects of increasing temperature and pCO 2 on full plant-insect food webs over long time scales.Beginning in the late Paleocene, global temperatures gradually warmed to the sustained Cenozoic maximum at Ϸ53 Ma (13). The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is a transient spike of high temperature and pCO 2 representing Ϸ100 thousand years (ky), superimposed on a longer interval of gradual warming (14, 15); it is one of the best deep-time analogues for the modern time scale of global warming. The PETM is marked by a negative carbon isotope ...

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Plant-insect herbivore interactions in elevated CO2 environments

Cited by 288 publications

References 37 publications

Do Elevated Temperature and CO2 Generally Have Counteracting Effects on Phenolic Phytochemistry of Boreal Trees?

Do Elevated Temperature and CO2 Generally Have Counteracting Effects on Phenolic Phytochemistry of Boreal Trees?

In situ effects of elevated CO₂ on the carbon and nitrogen status of alpine plants

Sharply increased insect herbivory during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum

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Plant-insect herbivore interactions in elevated CO2 environments

Cited by 288 publications

References 37 publications

Do Elevated Temperature and CO2 Generally Have Counteracting Effects on Phenolic Phytochemistry of Boreal Trees?

Do Elevated Temperature and CO2 Generally Have Counteracting Effects on Phenolic Phytochemistry of Boreal Trees?

In situ effects of elevated CO2 on the carbon and nitrogen status of alpine plants

Sharply increased insect herbivory during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum

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In situ effects of elevated CO₂ on the carbon and nitrogen status of alpine plants