Do Elevated Temperature and CO2 Generally Have Counteracting Effects on Phenolic Phytochemistry of Boreal Trees?

Veteli, Timo O.; Mattson, William J.; Niemelä, Pekka; Julkunen-Tiitto, R.; Kellomäki, Seppo; Kuokkanen, Kari; Lavola, Anu

doi:10.1007/s10886-006-9235-4

Cited by 55 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…We use graphical vector analysis (GVA) to evaluate the relationship between foliar phytochemical synthesis, foliar phytochemical concentration and foliar biomass (Timmer & Stone ; Haase & Rose ; Gebauer, Strain & Reynolds ; Koricheva ; Veteli et al . ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Transgenerational effects of herbivory in a group of long‐lived tree species: maternal damage reduces offspring allocation to resistance traits, but not growth

et al. 2013

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Summary1. Numerous studies have explored plant strategies of resource allocation to growth and/or resistance traits within a single generation. In contrast, exceedingly little is known about whether such patterns hold across generations; that is, in seedlings of plants that experienced maternal herbivory. 2. In a common garden study with clonally replicated genotypes of three cottonwood taxa (Populus angustifolia, Populus fremontii and their F 1 hybrids), we examined transgenerational response to maternal herbivory in terms of half-sibling seedling offspring (i) germination and growth and (ii) constitutive vs. transgenerational plastic allocation to resistance (measured as both phytochemical content and concentration). Two major results emerged. 3. First, we found that taxa (and often genotypes within a taxon) significantly differed in their constitutive allocation to both growth and resistance. Fremont (P. fremontii) seedlings grew up to seven times more rapidly than did narrowleaf (P. angustifolia) seedlings and had higher or similar content of two key phytochemical resistance traits. Overall, this led to a dilution effect in Fremont relative to narrowleaf, whereby concentrations of two key phytochemical resistance traits were more than 50% lower. 4. Secondly, maternal herbivory by cottonwood leaf beetle larvae on foliage adjacent to developing seeds did not significantly alter offspring growth, but did decrease offspring phytochemical content by 10-55% relative to offspring of maternal control (undamaged) trees. As a result, concentrations of offspring phytochemical resistance traits were reduced by 10-18% in seedlings with maternal herbivory, relative to maternal control seedlings, across all three taxa. These patterns suggest an allocational trade-off, whereby maternal damage results in maintenance of offspring seed size and growth traits at the expense of phytochemical defences in the next generation. 5. Synthesis: This is the first instance in which transgenerational effects of herbivory on growth and defence traits have been described in long-lived, woody plant species. Populus differs substantially from herbaceous plant species or short-lived animals in which transgenerational plasticity of resistance has been examined, in terms of life history (time from germination or hatching to reproductive maturity) and/or in the lag time between generations. These differences may influence the ecological and evolutionary relevance of transgenerational plasticity in defence.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Transgenerational effects of herbivory in a group of long‐lived tree species: maternal damage reduces offspring allocation to resistance traits, but not growth

et al. 2013

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“…Thus, responses to enriched CO 2 may be: 1) independent of temperature (e.g., foliar nitrogen and phenolics in Angiosperms); 2) offset by elevated temperature (e.g., carbohydrates; foliar terpenes in gymnosperms); or 3) apparent only with elevated temperature (e.g., foliar nitrogen in gymnosperms, phenolics, and terpenoids in woody tissues). More recently, Veteli et al (2007) reported for three tree species (Betula and Salix) that carbon allocation to phenolics was increased under elevated CO 2 , decreased under elevated temperature, and unchanged under a combination of elevated CO 2 and temperature.…”

Section: Carbon Dioxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 and O3 on Forests: Phytochemistry, Trophic Interactions, and Ecosystem Dynamics

2010

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Prominent among the many factors now affecting the sustainability of forest ecosystems are anthropogenically-generated carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3). CO2 is the substrate for photosynthesis and thus can accelerate tree growth, whereas O3 is a highly reactive oxygen species and interferes with basic physiological functions. This review summarizes the impacts of CO2 and O3 on tree chemical composition and highlights the consequences thereof for trophic interactions and ecosystem dynamics. CO2 and O3 influence phytochemical composition by altering substrate availability and biochemical/physiological processes such as photosynthesis and defense signaling pathways. Growth of trees under enriched CO2 generally leads to an increase in the C/N ratio, due to a decline in foliar nitrogen and concomitant increases in carbohydrates and phenolics. Terpenoid levels generally are not affected by atmospheric CO2 concentration. O3 triggers up-regulation of antioxidant defense pathways, leading to the production of simple phenolics and flavonoids (more so in angiosperms than gymnosperms). Tannins levels generally are unaffected, while terpenoids exhibit variable responses. In combination, CO2 and O3 exert both additive and interactive effects on tree chemical composition. CO2-and O3-mediated changes in plant chemistry influence host selection, individual performance (development, growth, reproduction), and population densities of herbivores (primarily phytophagous insects) and soil invertebrates. These changes can effect shifts in the amount and temporal pattern of forest canopy damage and organic substrate deposition. Decomposition rates of leaf litter produced under elevated CO2 and O3 may or may not be altered, and can respond to both the independent and interactive effects of the pollutants. Overall, however, CO2 and O3 effects on decomposition will be influenced more by their impacts on the quantity, rather than quality, of litter produced. A prominent theme to emerge from this and related reviews is that the effects of elevated CO2 and O3 on plant chemistry and ecological interactions are highly context- and species-specific, thus frustrating attempts to identify general, global patterns. Many of the interactions that govern above- and below-ground community and ecosystem processes are chemically mediated, ultimately influencing terrestrial carbon sequestration and feeding back to influence atmospheric composition. Thus, the discipline of chemical ecology is fundamentally important for elucidating the impacts of humans on the health and sustainability of forest ecosystems. Future research should seek to increase the diversity of natural products, species, and biomes studied; incorporate long-term, multi-factor experiments; and employ a comprehensive “genes to ecosystems” perspective that couples genetic/genomic tools with the approaches of evolutionary and ecosystem ecology.

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“…Meta-analysis is a tool that has been increasingly used to uncover general trends behind conflicting results from empirical studies (Leimu and Koricheva 2004). For instance, Stiling and Cornelissen (2007) and Veteli et al (2007) used meta-analysis to study CO 2 -mediated changes on phenolics in plants. Their analyses showed that the concentrations of phenolics indeed increased due to CO 2 enrichment.…”

Section: The Effect Of Abiotic Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic metabolites in the resistance of northern forest trees to pathogens — past experiences and future prospects

2008

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Phenolic metabolites are frequently implicated in chemical defense mechanisms against pathogens in woody plants. However, tree breeding programmes for resistance to pathogens and practical tree-protection applications based on these compounds seem to be scarce. To identify gaps in our current knowledge of this subject, we explored some of the recent literature on the involvement of phenolic metabolites in the resistance of northern forest trees (Pinus, Picea, Betula, Populus, and Salix spp.) to pathogens. Although it is evident that the phenolic metabolism of trees is often activated by pathogen attacks, few studies have convincingly established that this induction is due to a specific defense response that is capable of stopping the invading pathogen. The role of constitutive phenolics in the resistance of trees to pathogens has also remained unclear. In future studies, the importance of phenolics in oxidative stress, cell homeostasis and tolerance, and the spatial and temporal localization of phenolics in relation to invading pathogens should be more carefully acknowledged. Possibilities for future studies using advanced methods (e.g., metabolic profiling, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and use of modified tree genotypes) are discussed.Résumé : Les métabolites phénoliques sont souvent impliqués dans les mécanismes de défense chimiques contre les agents pathogènes chez les plantes ligneuses. Cependant, il semble y avoir peu de programmes d'amélioration des arbres pour la résistance aux agents pathogènes ou de mesures pratiques de protection des arbres qui sont basés sur ces composés. Dans le but d'identifier les lacunes dans nos connaissances actuelles sur ce sujet, nous avons exploré une partie de la littérature récente traitant du rôle des métabolites phénoliques dans la résistance des espèces forestières nordiques (Pinus, Picea, Betula, Populus et Salix spp.) aux agents pathogènes. Bien qu'il soit évident que le métabolisme des composés phénoliques chez les arbres est souvent déclenché par les attaques des agents pathogènes, il a rarement été établi de façon convaincante que cette induction est due à une réaction de défense spécifique capable d'enrayer l'invasion de l'agent pathogène. De plus, on n'est toujours pas certain du rôle que jouent les composés phénoliques constitutifs dans la résistance des arbres face aux agents pathogènes. Dans les études ultérieures, on devrait accorder plus d'attention à l'importance des composés phénoliques en lien avec le stress oxydatif, l'homéostasie et la tolérance des cellules ainsi qu'à la localisation spatiale et temporelle des composés phénoliques en relation avec l'invasion des agents pathogènes. La discussion porte sur la possibilité que les études futures utilisent des méthodes de pointes telles que le profilage métabolique, le microscope confocal à balayage laser et aient recours à des arbres dont le génotype a été modifié.[Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Do Elevated Temperature and CO2 Generally Have Counteracting Effects on Phenolic Phytochemistry of Boreal Trees?

Cited by 55 publications

References 32 publications

Transgenerational effects of herbivory in a group of long‐lived tree species: maternal damage reduces offspring allocation to resistance traits, but not growth

Transgenerational effects of herbivory in a group of long‐lived tree species: maternal damage reduces offspring allocation to resistance traits, but not growth

Impacts of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 and O3 on Forests: Phytochemistry, Trophic Interactions, and Ecosystem Dynamics

Phenolic metabolites in the resistance of northern forest trees to pathogens — past experiences and future prospects

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