Plant-hummingbird interaction networks in urban areas: Generalization and the importance of trees with specialized flowers as a nectar resource for pollinator conservation

Maruyama, Pietro Kiyoshi; Bonizário, Camila; Marcon, Amanda Perin; D'Angelo, Giulia; Silva, Monique Maianne da; Neto, Edvaldo Nunes da Silva; Oliveira, Paulo Eugênio; Sazima, Iván; Sazima, Marlies; Vizentin‐Bugoni, Jeferson; Anjos, Luiz dos; Rui, Ana Maria; Júnior, Oswaldo Marçal

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2018.12.012

Cited by 64 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…This “urban avoider” species can be particularly sensitive to human-induced changes in the landscape and, consequently, reaches its highest densities in the most natural sites (Blair, 1996). In Brazil, hummingbird communities in natural areas were categorized according to their varying preferences for open savannah, forest habitats (Maruyama et al., 2014), and even urban areas (Maruyama et al., 2019). Something similar occurs with C. auriceps : This species seems to prefer forest habitats and is less commonly found in open, human-modified landscapes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Brazil, trees were found to be more important than other growth forms for the maintenance of hummingbirds in urban settings because they can provide high amounts of nectar (Maruyama et al, 2019). However, besides attracting hummingbirds (de Andrade et al, 2007;Mart ınez, 2008;Mendonc¸a & Dos Anjos, 2005;Percival, 1974;Rangaiah et al, 2004) it has been reported in other countries that these tree species attract several other flower visitors such as non hovering birds (Banks, 1997;Dalsgaard et al, 2016;Du Puy et al, 1995;Faegri & Van Der Pijl, 2013;Gentry, 1974;Maruyama et al, 2019), bees (Fohouo et al, 2011), butterflies (Cruden & Jensen, 1979;Percival, 1974), and even mammals such as bats (Ayensu, 1974) and lemurs (Sussman & Raven, 1978) in the case of S. campanulata. Thus, Old World plants with adaptations to bird pollination, such as S. campanulata and D. regia, can more easily integrate into plant-hummingbird interaction networks in the Americas, or at least more so than alien plant species without bird pollination (Maruyama et al, 2016).…”

Section: Integration Of Exotic Plant Species Into the Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many species of hummingbirds (Trochilidae) act as habitat generalists throughout the Americas (Arizmendi & Ornelas, 1990; Feinsinger, 1976) and can be frequently found in forest edges, secondary vegetation, or open areas with abundant flower resources as well as in urban forests, parks, and gardens (Rodrigues & Araujo, 2011; Toledo & Moreira, 2008). However, few studies have examined plant-hummingbird interaction networks in human-modified habitats (Maruyama et al., 2019; Mendonça & Dos Anjos, 2003), and rarely have these studies compared these interaction networks to those of nearby conserved sites. In modified habitats, hummingbirds can use an important number of non-ornithophilous plants (i.e., mainly those pollinated by insects, bats, or other species), probably reflecting the abundance and availability of non-native resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Land-Use Change in a Mexican Dry Forest Promotes Species Turnover and Increases Nestedness in Plant-Hummingbird Networks: Are Exotic Plants Taking Over?

Infante

Lara

Arizmendi

2020

Tropical Conservation Science

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Background Despite the increasing knowledge of plant-pollinator interaction networks, the effects of human-induced disturbances on them have barely been studied. We analyzed whether land-use changes modified the structure and topology of plant-hummingbird interaction networks or promoted the integration of exotic plant species. Methods Fieldwork was carried out in two vegetation areas in Mexico: a protected tropical dry forest and nearby disturbed sites. For two years we registered hummingbird-plant interactions monthly in each area. Then, we constructed interaction matrices from these data and compared their assemblage structure. Results The conversion of original dry forest to disturbed habitats impacted some assemblage attributes of the plant-hummingbird network. In the disturbed sites, there were more plant species, mainly exotics, and one additional hummingbird species. Most network attributes remained the same except niche width and nestedness (pattern of interactions where generalists and specialists tend to interact with generalists whereas specialist-to-specialist interactions are infrequent), which were higher in the disturbed network. The generalist core in the disturbed network contained half of the core species in the conserved network. Implications for conservation Exotic plants that strongly integrated into the disturbed network may exert a large influence on network dynamics in these areas. Identifying the interacting species and their role provides valuable insights for their conservation and protection. Hummingbirds attracting native plant species have a potential for practical or ornamental use, and hummingbirds presence in human-modified landscapes not only provides positive aesthetic value to people but can additionally contribute to conserving native plants and the biodiversity associated with them.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Integration Of Exotic Plant Species Into the Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Land-Use Change in a Mexican Dry Forest Promotes Species Turnover and Increases Nestedness in Plant-Hummingbird Networks: Are Exotic Plants Taking Over?

Infante

Lara

Arizmendi

2020

Tropical Conservation Science

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“…A growing number of studies have called attention to changes in bird diversity in tropical cities and the associated ecological services, across a gradient of land use intensification and urbanization (Cox et al, 2018;Maruyama et al, 2019;Sol et al, 2020). The functional diversity of bird assemblages-measured by functional quadratic entropy-was 20% lower in highly urbanized areas compared to the surrounding natural habitats, driven by changes in species richness and evenness, leading to declines in functional redundancy (Sol et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of Cultural and Functional Diversity Associated With Birds Across the Urbanization Gradient in a Tropical City

et al. 2021

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Birds provide many ecosystem services to people, including provisioning, regulating and cultural services. People attribute multiple cultural values to ecosystems and biodiversity and the diversity of these cultural values can be considered as cultural diversity. While human-nature interactions occur more frequently in cities and urbanization negatively affects different facets of avian biodiversity, little is known about its consequence for cultural diversity. Here, we assess how the urbanization gradient in Campo Grande, a Brazilian city in the Cerrado biodiversity hotspot, affects functional and cultural diversity associated with birds and if functional and cultural diversity are congruent. We also investigate the relation between urbanization gradient with functional traits and cultural values, weighted by species abundance. We used a dataset based on bird surveyed in 61 landscapes along a gradient of impervious surface cover. To estimate functional and cultural diversity, we used indices that estimate richness and divergence of functional traits and cultural values. We found that urbanization affected functional and cultural richness negatively, while there was no effect on functional and cultural divergence. Functional and cultural richness and functional and cultural divergence were weakly, but significantly correlated. Bird species that nest on trees decreased and those that nest in artificial structures and on the ground increased along the impervious surface gradient. Body size, diet, habitat, mating system, flock behavior, and all cultural values (number of times the species was mentioned by football teams, music or poetry, city flags and anthems, and folklore tales) were not significantly affected by impervious surface. The negative relationship between impervious surface and bird cultural richness may indicate that people living in more urbanized areas experience nature less compared to people in less urbanized areas, which can affect their psychological well-being. In these highly urbanized areas, contact with culturally valued birds and cultural services provided by birds may also diminish. The negative relationship between functional richness and urbanization also indicate that highly urbanized areas may be losing important ecosystems services provided by birds.

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“…Hummingbirds, found only in the Americas, are often presented to wildlife rehabilitation centers ( Greenewalt, 1990 ; Heyden, 2005 ). Commonly found in urban settings due to the use of man-made feeders, hummingbirds are key pollinator species in urbanized areas ( Maruyama et al, 2019 ). Hummingbird distribution ( Greig, Wood & Bonter, 2017 ), population composition, and intra- and inter species interactions ( Bandivadekar et al, 2018 ; Carpenter, 1987 ; Ditchkoff, Saalfeld & Gibson, 2006 ; Lowry, Lill & Wong, 2013 ; Ng et al, 2004 ; Thomas, Baker & Fellowes, 2014 ) all have been significantly affected due to increased artificial food-resource provisioning, and urbanization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective study on admission trends of Californian hummingbirds found in urban habitats (1991–2016)

Pandit

Bandivadekar

Johnson

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Background Hummingbirds are frequently presented to California wildlife rehabilitation centers for medical care, accounting for approximately 5% of overall admissions. Age, sex, and reason for admission could impact hummingbird survivability, therefore identification of these factors could help maximize rehabilitation efforts. Methods Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to identify specific threats to the survival of 6908 hummingbirds (1645 nestlings and 5263 non-nestlings) consisting of five species (Calypte anna, Calypte costa, Selasphorus rufus, Selasphorus sasin, Archilochus alexandri), found in urban settings, and admitted to California wildlife rehabilitation centers over 26 years. Results In total, 36% of birds survived and were transferred to flight cage facilities for further rehabilitation and/or release. Nestlings were more likely to be transferred and/or released compared to adult hummingbirds. After accounting for age, birds rescued in spring and summer were twice as likely to be released compared to birds rescued in the fall. A high number of nestlings were presented to the rehabilitation centers during spring, which coincides with the nesting season for hummingbirds in California, with the lowest number of nestlings presented in fall. Reasons for presentation to rehabilitation centers included several anthropogenic factors such as window collisions (9.6%) and interactions with domesticated animals (12.9%). Survival odds were lower if a hummingbird was rescued in a “torpor-like state” and were higher if rescued for “nest-related” reasons. Evaluation of treatment regimens administered at wildlife rehabilitation centers identified supportive care, including providing commercial nutrient-rich nectar plus solution, to significantly increase hummingbird survivability. Discussion Our results provide evidence of threats to hummingbirds in urban habitats, based on reasons for rescue and presentation to rehabilitation centers. Reasons for hummingbird admissions to three California wildlife rehabilitation centers were anthropogenic in nature (i.e., being associated with domestic animals, window collisions, and found inside a man-made structure) and constituted 25% of total admissions. There was a clear indication that supportive care, such as feeding a commercial nectar solution, and medical treatment significantly increased the odds of survival for rescued hummingbirds.

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Plant-hummingbird interaction networks in urban areas: Generalization and the importance of trees with specialized flowers as a nectar resource for pollinator conservation

Cited by 64 publications

References 61 publications

Land-Use Change in a Mexican Dry Forest Promotes Species Turnover and Increases Nestedness in Plant-Hummingbird Networks: Are Exotic Plants Taking Over?

Land-Use Change in a Mexican Dry Forest Promotes Species Turnover and Increases Nestedness in Plant-Hummingbird Networks: Are Exotic Plants Taking Over?

Loss of Cultural and Functional Diversity Associated With Birds Across the Urbanization Gradient in a Tropical City

Retrospective study on admission trends of Californian hummingbirds found in urban habitats (1991–2016)

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