Plant Flavonoids—Biosynthesis, Transport and Involvement in Stress Responses

Petrussa, Elisa; Braidot, Enrico; Zancani, Marco; Peresson, Carlo; Bertolini, Alberto; Patui, Sonia; Vianello, Angelo

doi:10.3390/ijms140714950

Cited by 513 publications

(377 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…The basic skeleton of all flavonoids consists of three molecules of malonyl-CoA and one of 4-coumaroyl-CoA. They form chalcone by chalcone synthase (CHS), Chalcone is then synthesized and processed into various flavonoids (Petrussa et al, 2013). Whether it is a volatile oil or flavonoids, their precursors are acetyl-CoA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Light Intensity on the Yield and Quality of Houttuynia cordata

Xian-jin

et al. 2015

Plant Production Science

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanism underlying this result may be as follows. Flavonoids are synthesized along the general phenylpropanoid pathway (Petrussa et al, 2013). Glucose serves as the precursor for the formation of flavonoids and volatile oils.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Light Intensity on the Yield and Quality of Houttuynia cordata

Xian-jin

et al. 2015

Plant Production Science

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“…Monoglucosidic forms of anthocyanins represent the fi nal product of the phenylpropanoid pathway (35). This means that terroir is a contributing factor to the formation of anthocyanins.…”

Section: Chemometric Diff Erentiation Of Wine Samples On the Basis Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Anthocyanin Profi les When Differentiating Individual Varietal Wines and Terroirs

Kumšta¹

2014

Food. Technol. Biotechnol.

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SummaryIn recent years, the importance of wine authenticity specifi cation has signifi cantly infl uenced the world wine market. Nowadays, the importance of terroir is emphasised worldwide. Also in European countries, where varietal wines are produced predominantly, the wine authenticity is given an increasing a ention. Anthocyanin pigments represent an important group of phenolic substances that are used for the evaluation of wine authenticity. In this study, altogether 17 varietal red wines originating from the village Dolní Kounice (wine-growing region Moravia, Czech Republic) are evaluated. The evaluation involved three varieties, viz. Blaufränkisch (Lemberger), Saint Laurent and Blauer Portugieser as well as three terroirs named Karlov, Šibeniční vrch and Na Nivách. Anthocyanin pigments in varietal red wines were estimated by means of the HPLC method. Thanks to the application of chemometric methods, it was possible to determine the grapevine variety and to classify red wines on the basis of delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (DpGl), malvidin-3-O-glucoside (MvGl) and delphinidin-3-O-acetylglucoside (DpGlAc) content. The terroir was discriminated on the basis of DpGl, MvGl and delphinidin-3-O-p-coumarylglucoside (DpGlCm) content.

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“…40 Plant secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids are also delivery to vacuoles using tonoplast transporters, but for anthocyanins a transport mediated by vesicle trafficking has also been described. 41 Anthocyanins are uploaded into the ER compartment by membrane translocators, followed by an ER to vacuole transport either by a direct route (bypassing Golgi) or by Golgi dependent pathway. 41 From the 15 vegetative vacuole-sorted proteins listed in Table 1, accumulation levels of variants fused to different targeting signals, were informed only for 8 and the results are summarized in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…41 Anthocyanins are uploaded into the ER compartment by membrane translocators, followed by an ER to vacuole transport either by a direct route (bypassing Golgi) or by Golgi dependent pathway. 41 From the 15 vegetative vacuole-sorted proteins listed in Table 1, accumulation levels of variants fused to different targeting signals, were informed only for 8 and the results are summarized in Fig. 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vacuolar deposition of recombinant proteins in plant vegetative organs as a strategy to increase yields

2016

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Delivery of recombinant proteins to vegetative tissue vacuoles was considered inconvenient since this compartment was expected to be hydrolytic; nevertheless there is growing evidence that certain foreign proteins accumulate at high yields in vacuoles. For example avidin, cellulolytic enzymes, endolysin, and transglutaminases were produced at high yields when were sorted to leaf central vacuole avoiding the detrimental effect of these proteins on plant growth. Also, several secretory mammalian proteins such as collagen, a1-proteinase inhibitor, complement-5a, interleukin-6 and immunoglobulins accumulated at higher yields in leaf vacuoles than in the apoplast or cytosol. To reach this final destination, fusions to sequence specific vacuolar sorting signals (ssVSS) typical of proteases or proteinase inhibitors and/or Ct-VSS representative of storage proteins or plant lectins were used and both types of motifs were capable to increase accumulation. Importantly, the type of VSSs or position, either the N or C-terminus, did not alter protein stability, levels or pos-translational modifications. Vacuolar sorted glycoproteins had different type of oligosaccharides indicating that foreign proteins reached the vacuole by 2 different pathways: direct transport from the ER, bypassing the Golgi (high mannose oligosaccharides decorated proteins) or trafficking through the Golgi (Complex oligosaccharide containing proteins). In addition, some glycoproteins lacked of paucimannosidic oligosaccharides suggesting that vacuolar trimming of glycans did not occur. Enhanced accumulation of foreign proteins fused to VSS occurred in several plant species such as tobacco, Nicotiana benthamiana, sugarcane, tomato and in carrot and the obtained results were influenced by plant physiological state. Ten different foreign proteins fused to vacuolar sorting accumulated at higher levels than their apoplastic or cytosolic counterparts. For proteins with cytotoxic effects vacuolar sorted forms yields were superior than ER retained variants, but for other proteins the results were the opposite an there were also examples of similar levels for ER and vacuolar variants. In conclusion vacuolar sorting in vegetative tissues is a satisfactory strategy to enhance protein yields that can be used in several plant species.

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Plant Flavonoids—Biosynthesis, Transport and Involvement in Stress Responses

Cited by 513 publications

References 130 publications

Influence of Light Intensity on the Yield and Quality of Houttuynia cordata

Influence of Light Intensity on the Yield and Quality of Houttuynia cordata

Use of Anthocyanin Profi les When Differentiating Individual Varietal Wines and Terroirs

Vacuolar deposition of recombinant proteins in plant vegetative organs as a strategy to increase yields

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