Plant Extracts Containing Saponins Affects the Stability and Biological Activity of Hempseed Oil Emulsion System

Abstract

In this study, two saponins-rich plant extracts, viz. Saponaria officinalis and Quillaja saponaria, were used as surfactants in an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion based on hempseed oil (HSO). This study focused on a low oil phase content of 2% v/v HSO to investigate stable emulsion systems under minimum oil phase conditions. Emulsion stability was characterized by the emulsification index (EI), centrifugation tests, droplet size distribution as well as microscopic imaging. The smallest droplets recorded by dynamic light scattering (droplets size v. number), one day after the preparation of the emulsion, were around 50–120 nm depending the on use of Saponaria and Quillaja as a surfactant and corresponding to critical micelle concentration (CMC) in the range 0–2 g/L. The surface and interfacial tension of the emulsion components were studied as well. The effect of emulsions on environmental bacteria strains was also investigated. It was observed that emulsions with Saponaria officinalis extract exhibited slight toxic activity (the cell metabolic activity reduced to 80%), in contrast to Quillaja emulsion, which induced Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 17400 growth. The highest-stability samples were those with doubled CMC concentration. The presented results demonstrate a possible use of oil emulsions based on plant extract rich in saponins for the food industry, biomedical and cosmetics applications, and nanoemulsion preparations.

Aesculus hippocastanum L. as a Stabilizer in Hemp Seed Oil Nanoemulsions for Potential Biomedical and Food Applications

“…In samples without AHE, the increase of absorbance below 400 nm can be explained by the absorbance of hemp seed oil components such as chlorophyll. The same behaviour was observed in our previous study [ 24 ]. Nevertheless, the spectra of the water samples indicated stronger absorbance, confirming the higher dispersion of the oil droplets compared to Nebudose-based emulsions.…”

Synergic Effect of Selected Ingredients and Calcium Chloride on the Technological, Molecular and Microbial Usefulness of Eggshells and Their Impact on Sensory Properties in a Food Model System

“…Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is one of the most commonly used techniques for the rapid analysis of particle size distribution, including nanoparticles in foods [ 25 ]. DLS can be successfully applied for food nanoemulsion stability studies [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. It should be noted that in highly polydispersed samples, such as those investigated, the intensity of the scattered light from even a few large particles (i.e., contamination, aggregates, agglomerates, larger) may strongly affect the average particle diameter [ 29 ].…”

Efficacy of Antimicrobial and Larvicidal Activities of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Plumbago auriculata Lam

“…The stability of the nanoparticles was shown at −17.1 mV ( Figure 5 b). These high negative values specified good stability, well-dispersed nature, and possible presence of secondary metabolites as a capping or reducing agent for nanoparticles [ 13 , 38 ]. Results were consistent with the literature studies, where the zeta potential value for AgNPs synthesized from Coptis chinensis was found to be −30 mV and remained stable [ 23 ].…”

“…The morphology of AgNPs was examined using FESEM, and the presence of silver was confirmed by EDX. The average size of AgNPs and their stability was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS, Malvern Instruments Ltd., Malvern, UK) according to the methods previously reported [ 13 , 26 , 38 ].…”

“…Earlier work on phytochemicals as insecticides and repellents against mosquitoes were promising and encouraged researchers to work further on the development of botanical insecticides [ 12 ]. In recent years, the use of nanoparticle and nanoemulsion systems from plant extracts has gained prominent importance due to their significant application in producing compounds exhibiting antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant properties [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Eco-friendly green synthesized nanoparticles are safer, low-cost, non-toxic, and thus are considered very useful for pharmaceutical applications facilitating bulk synthesis [ 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”