Plant chitinases and their role in plant defense: A comprehensive review

Vaghela, Bhaumik D.; Vashi, Rahul; Rajput, Kiransinh N.; Joshi, Rushikesh G.

doi:10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110055

Cited by 90 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…Kasprzewska, 2003 ), like wounding, osmotic pressure, cold, heavy metal stress and salt in plants (e.g. Vaghela et al., 2022 ). Furthermore, ethylene has been found to induce flavonoid accumulation in plants ( Lewis et al., 2011 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De novo transcriptome sequencing and gene co-expression reveal a genomic basis for drought sensitivity and evidence of a rapid local adaptation on Atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica)

et al. 2023

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IntroductionUnderstanding the adaptive capacity to current climate change of drought-sensitive tree species is mandatory, given their limited prospect of migration and adaptation as long-lived, sessile organisms. Knowledge about the molecular and eco-physiological mechanisms that control drought resilience is thus key, since water shortage appears as one of the main abiotic factors threatening forests ecosystems. However, our current background is scarce, especially in conifers, due to their huge and complex genomes.MethodsHere we investigated the eco-physiological and transcriptomic basis of drought response of the climate change-threatened conifer Cedrus atlantica. We studied C. atlantica seedlings from two locations with contrasting drought conditions to investigate a local adaptation. Seedlings were subjected to experimental drought conditions, and were monitored at immediate (24 hours) and extended (20 days) times. In addition, post-drought recovery was investigated, depicting two contrasting responses in both locations (drought resilient and non-resilient). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were also studied to characterize the genomic basis of drought resilience and investigate a rapid local adaptation of C. atlantica.ResultsDe novo transcriptome assembly was performed for the first time in this species, providing differences in gene expression between the immediate and extended treatments, as well as among the post-drought recovery phenotypes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed a regulation of stomatal closing and photosynthetic activity during the immediate drought, consistent with an isohydric dynamic. During the extended drought, growth and flavonoid biosynthesis inhibition mechanisms prevailed, probably to increase root-to-shoot ratio and to limit the energy-intensive biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Drought sensitive individuals failed in metabolism and photosynthesis regulation under drought stress, and in limiting secondary metabolite production. Moreover, genomic differences (SNPs) were found between drought resilient and sensitive seedlings, and between the two studied locations, which were mostly related to transposable elements.DiscussionThis work provides novel insights into the transcriptomic basis of drought response of C. atlantica, a set of candidate genes mechanistically involved in its drought sensitivity and evidence of a rapid local adaptation. Our results may help guide conservation programs for this threatened conifer, contribute to advance drought-resilience research and shed light on trees’ adaptive potential to current climate change.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De novo transcriptome sequencing and gene co-expression reveal a genomic basis for drought sensitivity and evidence of a rapid local adaptation on Atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica)

et al. 2023

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“…The polyphenol oxidase gene has been shown to have an effect on plant resistance 38 . The chitinase enzyme 39 , 40 , affects and degrades chitin in the fungal cell wall, and acts as an elicitor to regulate the defense response of the plant. After analyzing the expression levels of resistance genes in ‘Okubo’ and ‘Lianyungang Maotao’, it was found that their expression levels were quite different: the average expression level of chitinase gene-related transcripts in ‘Okubo’ in the three periods was 30.53, while the expression level of the more resistant ‘Lianyungang Maotao’ was 102.93, indicating that ‘Okubo’ still has a great potential for improvement and needs further cultivation and domestication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentially expression analyses in fruit of cultivated and wild species of grape and peach

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Through agronomic traits and sequencing data, the cultivated and wild varieties of grapes and peaches were analyzed and compared in terms of fruit size, fruit flavor, fruit resistance, and fruit color. Cultivated grapes and peaches have advantages in fruit size, soluble sugar content, sugar and acid ratio, etc. Wild grapes and peaches have utility value in resistance. The results showed that there were 878 and 301 differentially expressed genes in cultivated and wild grapes and peaches in the three growth stages, respectively based on the next-generation sequencing study. Ten and twelve genes related to the differences between cultivated and wild grapes and peaches were found respectively. Among them, three genes, namely chalcone synthase (CHS), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH1) were present in both cultivated and wild grapes and peaches.

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“…These findings were similar to other reports that attributed variations in F. graminearum resistance in wheat to differences in the expression of defence‐related genes (He et al ., 2018; Q. Wang et al ., 2018). Interaction between plant and fungal pathogen directs the rapidity of chitinase induction in plant tissues (Vaghela et al ., 2022). Apoplastic chitinases are induced at the early stage of infection and block the intercellular hyphae growth (de Gerhardt et al ., 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A chitinase CsChi23 promoter polymorphism underlies cucumber resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum

Bartholomew

Zhang

et al. 2022

New Phytologist

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Fusarium wilt disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (Foc), leads to widespread yield loss and quality decline in cucumber. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Foc resistance remain poorly understood.We report the mapping and functional characterisation of CsChi23, encoding a cucumber class I chitinase with antifungal properties. We assessed sequence variations at CsChi23 and the associated defence response against Foc. We functionally characterised CsChi23 using transgenic assay and expression analysis. The mechanism regulating CsChi23 expression was assessed by genetic and molecular approaches.CsChi23 was induced by Foc infection, which led to rapid upregulation in resistant cucumber lines. Overexpressing CsChi23 enhanced fusarium wilt resistance and reduced fungal biomass accumulation, whereas silencing CsChi23 causes loss of resistance. CsHB15, a homeodomain leucine zipper (HD-Zip) III transcription factor, was found to bind to the CsChi23 promoter region and activate its expression. Furthermore, silencing of CsHB15 reduces CsChi23 expression. A single-nucleotide polymorphism variation −400 bp upstream of CsChi23 abolished the HD-Zip III binding site in a susceptible cucumber line.Collectively, our study indicates that CsChi23 is sufficient to enhance fusarium wilt resistance and reveals a novel function of an HD-Zip III transcription factor in regulating chitinase expression in cucumber defence against fusarium wilt.

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Plant chitinases and their role in plant defense: A comprehensive review

Cited by 90 publications

References 145 publications

De novo transcriptome sequencing and gene co-expression reveal a genomic basis for drought sensitivity and evidence of a rapid local adaptation on Atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica)

De novo transcriptome sequencing and gene co-expression reveal a genomic basis for drought sensitivity and evidence of a rapid local adaptation on Atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica)

Differentially expression analyses in fruit of cultivated and wild species of grape and peach

A chitinase CsChi23 promoter polymorphism underlies cucumber resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum

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