Plant cell walls are enfeebled when attempting to preserve native lignin configuration with poly-p-hydroxycinnamaldehydes: Evolutionary implications

Jourdes, Michaël; Cardenas, Claudia L.; Laskar, Dhrubojyoti D.; Moinuddin, Syed G. A.; Davin, Laurence B.; Lewis, Norman G.

doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.03.044

Cited by 44 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 59 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Staining of the wild type, fah1, and C4H-F5H gave results consistent with these expectations as has been observed previously (Weng et al, 2010). In contrast, the cell walls of plants with the highest aldehyde content, cadc cadd, fah1 cadc cadd, and cadd C4H-F5H, stained black, which is similar to what has been reported previously for CAD-disrupted mutants (Jourdes et al, 2007). This difference in staining obviously reflects the structural differences in the lignins between these lines, but as the molecular mechanism behind this stain is poorly understood, any further interpretation would be only speculative.…”

Section: Cad-manipulated Plants Have Typical Noncollapsed Vasculatursupporting

confidence: 90%

“…It has been established that both CADC and CADD need to be disrupted in a wild-type background to increase aldehyde lignin subunits (Figure 4; Sibout et al, 2005;Jourdes et al, 2007). Here, we show that both CADC and CADD also need to be disrupted in a fah1 background to synthesize a lignin polymer composed almost exclusively from coniferaldehyde.…”

Section: Cadd Has the Predominant Role In Catalyzing The Reduction Ofsupporting

confidence: 50%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Manipulation of Guaiacyl and Syringyl Monomer Biosynthesis in an Arabidopsis Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Mutant Results in Atypical Lignin Biosynthesis and Modified Cell Wall Structure

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Modifying lignin composition and structure is a key strategy to increase plant cell wall digestibility for biofuel production. Disruption of the genes encoding both cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CADs), including CADC and CADD, in Arabidopsis thaliana results in the atypical incorporation of hydroxycinnamaldehydes into lignin. Another strategy to change lignin composition is downregulation or overexpression of ferulate 5-hydroxylase (F5H), which results in lignins enriched in guaiacyl or syringyl units, respectively. Here, we combined these approaches to generate plants enriched in coniferaldehyde-derived lignin units or lignins derived primarily from sinapaldehyde. The cadc cadd and ferulic acid hydroxylase1 (fah1) cadc cadd plants are similar in growth to wild-type plants even though their lignin compositions are drastically altered. In contrast, disruption of CAD in the F5H-overexpressing background results in dwarfism. The dwarfed phenotype observed in these plants does not appear to be related to collapsed xylem, a hallmark of many other lignin-deficient dwarf mutants. cadc cadd, fah1 cadc cadd, and cadd F5H-overexpressing plants have increased enzyme-catalyzed cell wall digestibility. Given that these CAD-deficient plants have similar total lignin contents and only differ in the amounts of hydroxycinnamaldehyde monomer incorporation, these results suggest that hydroxycinnamaldehyde content is a more important determinant of digestibility than lignin content.

show abstract

Section: Cad-manipulated Plants Have Typical Noncollapsed Vasculatursupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Cadd Has the Predominant Role In Catalyzing The Reduction Ofsupporting

confidence: 50%

Manipulation of Guaiacyl and Syringyl Monomer Biosynthesis in an Arabidopsis Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Mutant Results in Atypical Lignin Biosynthesis and Modified Cell Wall Structure

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Note that because of the heterogeneity of lignin and its occurrence within a complex cell wall matrix, there is no single technique to accurately measure lignin amount [17]. Acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL) levels have been reported to be influenced by lignin composition [18], by UV-absorbing soluble substances that are not efficiently removed during solvent washing of the cell wall material [19] and by xylan degradation [20]. Despite these possible interferences, ABSL is commonly used as a proxy for lignin amount.…”

Section: Total Sugar Content In Pretreatment Liquorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Side by Side Comparison of Chemical Compounds Generated by Aqueous Pretreatments of Maize Stover, Miscanthus and Sugarcane Bagasse

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In order to examine the potential for coproduct generation, we have characterised chemical compounds released by a range of alkaline and acidic aqueous pretreatments as well as the effect of these pretreatments on the saccharification ability of the lignocellulosic material. Comparative experiments were performed using three biomass types chosen for their potential as second-generation biofuel feedstocks: maize stover, miscanthus and sugarcane bagasse. The release of lignin from the feedstock correlated with the residual biomass saccharification potential, which was consistently higher after alkaline pretreament for all three feedstock types.Alkaline pretreatment released more complex mixtures of pentose and hexose sugars into the pretreatment liquor than did acid pretreatment. In addition, complex mixtures of aromatic and aliphatic compounds were released into pretreatment liquors under alkaline conditions, in a temperaturedependent manner, but far less so under acidic conditions. We show that the three feedstocks characterised interact with the pretreatment conditions in a specific manner to generate different ranges of products, highlighting the need to tailor pretreatments to both the starting feedstock and desired outcomes.

show abstract

“…Similarly, discolored wood has also been found when enzyme activity levels either upstream or downstream of 4CL have been altered (Porter et al, 1978;Miller et al, 1983;Baucher et al, 1996;Ralph et al, 1997;Tsai et al, 1998;Lapierre et al, 1999;Meyermans et al, 2000;Pilate et al, 2002;Jourdes et al, 2007;Leplé et al, 2007). Down-regulation of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, for example, produced red xylem that resulted from small amounts of sinapyl aldehyde entering the xylem cell wall region (Jourdes et al, 2007).…”

Section: Wood Color Was Associated With Extractive Content and Deformmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extractive-free CWRs were next obtained as described by Patten et al (2005) with successive extraction with ethanol:toluene (1:1, v/v), ethanol, and water of each powdered sample (approximately 1 g). Lignin contents were estimated by the AcBr method (Iiyama and Wallis, 1988) as modified (Jourdes et al, 2007), whereas lignin monomeric compositions were estimated using thioacidolysis (Rolando et al, 1992;Blee et al, 2001) and NBO (Iiyama and Lam, 1990;Patten et al, 2005) Lignin Estimations Using MBMS MBMS is a high-throughput method that uses nonextracted wood flour samples. It is based on pyrolysis mass spectrometry (described below) and after calibration gives both lignin and S/G estimates.…”

Section: Estimated Lignin Contents and Monomeric Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antisense Down-Regulation of 4CL Expression Alters Lignification, Tree Growth, and Saccharification Potential of Field-Grown Poplar

Voelker

Lachenbruch²,

Meinzer³

et al. 2010

Plant Physiology

Self Cite

203

187

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Transgenic down-regulation of the Pt4CL1 gene family encoding 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) has been reported as a means for reducing lignin content in cell walls and increasing overall growth rates, thereby improving feedstock quality for paper and bioethanol production. Using hybrid poplar (Populus tremula 3 Populus alba), we applied this strategy and examined field-grown transformants for both effects on wood biochemistry and tree productivity. The reductions in lignin contents obtained correlated well with 4CL RNA expression, with a sharp decrease in lignin amount being observed for RNA expression below approximately 50% of the nontransgenic control. Relatively small lignin reductions of approximately 10% were associated with reduced productivity, decreased wood syringyl/guaiacyl lignin monomer ratios, and a small increase in the level of incorporation of H-monomers (p-hydroxyphenyl) into cell walls. Transgenic events with less than approximately 50% 4CL RNA expression were characterized by patches of reddish-brown discolored wood that had approximately twice the extractive content of controls (largely complex polyphenolics). There was no evidence that substantially reduced lignin contents increased growth rates or saccharification potential. Our results suggest that the capacity for lignin reduction is limited; below a threshold, large changes in wood chemistry and plant metabolism were observed that adversely affected productivity and potential ethanol yield. They also underline the importance of field studies to obtain physiologically meaningful results and to support technology development with transgenic trees.Composed of diverse layers of cellulose microfibrils and amorphous hemicelluloses within a matrix of pectins, proteins, and lignin, the secondary cell walls of plants are diverse in their morphology, chemistry, and physiological functions. Lignification is of particular interest, as it exhibits highly predictable temporal and spatial patterning and is the last major step in the structural reinforcement of cell walls before the protoplast is dissolved (Donaldson, 2001

show abstract

Plant cell walls are enfeebled when attempting to preserve native lignin configuration with poly-p-hydroxycinnamaldehydes: Evolutionary implications

Cited by 44 publications

References 59 publications

Manipulation of Guaiacyl and Syringyl Monomer Biosynthesis in an Arabidopsis Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Mutant Results in Atypical Lignin Biosynthesis and Modified Cell Wall Structure

Manipulation of Guaiacyl and Syringyl Monomer Biosynthesis in an Arabidopsis Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Mutant Results in Atypical Lignin Biosynthesis and Modified Cell Wall Structure

Side by Side Comparison of Chemical Compounds Generated by Aqueous Pretreatments of Maize Stover, Miscanthus and Sugarcane Bagasse

Antisense Down-Regulation of 4CL Expression Alters Lignification, Tree Growth, and Saccharification Potential of Field-Grown Poplar

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About