Plant-Based Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Theranostic Applications: A Review

Abstract

Bionanotechnology is a branch of science that has revolutionized modern science and technology. Nanomaterials, especially noble metals, have attracted researchers due to their size and application in different branches of sciences that benefit humanity. Metal nanoparticles can be synthesized using green methods, which are good for the environment, economically viable, and facilitate synthesis. Due to their size and form, gold nanoparticles have become significant. Plant materials are of particular interest in the synthesis and manufacture of theranostic gold nanoparticles (NPs), which have been generated using various materials. On the other hand, chemically produced nanoparticles have several drawbacks in terms of cost, toxicity, and effectiveness. A plant-mediated integration of metallic nanoparticles has been developed in the field of nanotechnology to overcome the drawbacks of traditional synthesis, such as physical and synthetic strategies. Nanomaterials′ tunable features make them sophisticated tools in the biomedical platform, especially for developing new diagnostics and therapeutics for malignancy, neurodegenerative, and other chronic disorders. Therefore, this review outlines the theranostic approach, the different plant materials utilized in theranostic applications, and future directions based on current breakthroughs in these fields.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Iron Nanoparticles Synthesized from Aqueous Leaf Extract of Vitex leucoxylon and Its Biomedical Applications

“…A major advantage of the plant-based approach is that it does not require any expensive procedures such as those required for microbe-based NP synthesis. Anticancer phytochemicals found in medicinal plants have recently been investigated and were pronounced an excellent source for manufacturing natural NPs that pose no health risks and can be produced in huge quantities in a short period of time [ 13 , 44 ].…”

“…The development of easy and environmentally acceptable methods for the synthesis of NPs is one of the key focuses of nanotechnology. Biomaterials such as microorganisms and plant extracts can be utilized in the process of preparing a wide variety of NPs [ 13 , 14 ]. However, because some organisms are pathogens, it is dangerous to handle them.…”

Biologically Derived Gold Nanoparticles and Their Applications

“…Nanobiotechnology is a collaborative area that entails technology research and development in a variety of domains such as nanotechnology, biotechnology, chemistry, material science, and physics [ 4 ]. It is about the biofabrication of nano-objects or bifunctional macromolecules that may be utilized to produce or modify nano-objects [ 5 ]. Nanoparticles are metallic units that come in a variety of forms, including spherical, triangular, and rod shaped [ 6 ].…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles from Rhizophora apiculata and Studies on Their Wound Healing, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Cytotoxic Activity

“…The biosynthesis of AgNPs utilizing valuable medicinal plant extracts has expanded significantly due to the growing interest in studies of the nano-range of 1–100 nm for biomedical applications [ 1 , 2 ]. However, one of the essential components of modern nanotechnological techniques is the production of nanoparticles with an appropriate quality [ 1 ].…”