Biologically Derived Gold Nanoparticles and Their Applications

Abstract

Nanotechnology is a rapidly evolving discipline as it has a wide variety of applications in several fields. They have been synthesized in a variety of ways. Traditional processes such as chemical and physical synthesis have limits, whether in the form of chemical contamination during synthesis operations or in subsequent applications and usage of more energy. Over the last decade, research has focused on establishing easy, nontoxic, clean, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly techniques for nanoparticle production. To achieve this goal, biological synthesis was created to close this gap. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles is a one-step process, and it is ecofriendly in nature. The metabolic activities of biological agents convert dissolved metal ions into nanometals. For biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles, various biological agents like plants, fungus, and bacteria are utilized. In this review paper, the aim is to provide a summary of contemporary research on the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles and their applications in various domains have been discussed.

Consolidation of Gold and Gadolinium Nanoparticles: An Extra Step towards Improving Cancer Imaging and Therapy

“…Among the various oxidation states of gold complexes, the most common due to their electronegativity are those of Auric (Au(I)) and Auric (Au(III)) [12,13]. In order for the aforementioned metallic states to form a stable complex in aqueous solution, they are subjugated to the complex ligand's property as well as to the donor atom of ligands attached to gold [12,14]. Research so far has indicated that stability in gold is directly proportional to the electronegativity of the donor atom.…”

“…Research so far has indicated that stability in gold is directly proportional to the electronegativity of the donor atom. More precisely, as electronegativity increases, the stability of the gold complex drops [12,15]. This could justify why in the production of AuNPs, the two preferred precursors are gold(I) thiosulfate or gold(III) chloride complexes [12], with the latter being particularly selected as precursors.…”

“…of AuNPs, the two preferred precursors are gold(I) thiosulfate or gold(III) chloride complexes [12], with the latter being particularly selected as precursors.…”

Synergistic relationship of endophyte-nanomaterials to alleviate abiotic stress in plants

“…Endophytic microbes have been suggested as biofactories for the synthesis of metal-based NPs with agricultural and therapeutic applications. These microbes are embedded in plants intercellularly, producing a symbiotic link (Roy et al, 2022). The advantage confers on the plant by the endophytes is to improve health status via various mechanisms, like the release of antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) compounds and the secretion of growth-promoting metabolites (Shahid et al, 2022).…”

Synergistic Antibacterial Activity of Green Gold Nanoparticles and Tannin-Based Derivatives

“…An interesting aspect to be considered is that the interaction between Tanfloc and the bacterial cell wall is reinforced by the prevailing electrostatic interaction of the cationic behavior of Tanfloc and the negative charge of the bacteria with direct consequences on the inhibition of bacterial growth in aqueous solution-the corresponding experimental for a synthetic system has been explored by our group from the interaction of positively charged chains of polypyrrole and bacteria as strong antibacterial agents [9,10,25]. The biomedical application of conventional gold nanoparticles has been considered in an increasing number of papers that have been focused on applications involving sensing, drug delivery, imaging and photodynamic therapy-based assays [26][27][28][29]. Relative to the Tanfloc, explored as an antioxidant and reducing agent, it is important to cite relevant papers in areas that consider this polymer as a biomaterial, with reported minimal toxicity against mammalian cells [30] and relevant application as a polyelectrolyte complex for biomedical applications in which good results are observed in terms of the stem cells adhesion and proliferation [31].…”