Plant assemblages from the Silurian of southern Bolivia and their palaeogeographic significance

Edwards, Dianne; Morel, Eduardo Manuel; Paredes, F.R.; Ganuza, Daniel Gustavo; Zuânäiga, A

doi:10.1006/bojl.2000.0409

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This is in agreement with data from Ludlow, Pridoli and earliest Lochkovian plant localities all over the world (Edwards, 1979;Tims and Chambers, 1984;Cai et al, 1993;Edwards et al, 2001;Gerrienne et al, 2001;Kotyk et al, 2002). The early flora of the South China block was mainly comprised of early lycophytes and plants with rhyniophytoid architecture and reniform sporangia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The Wutubulake flora is coeval to that of the Van Canh Formation at Dô Son. However Wutubulake was part of the Khazakhstanian block (Edwards, 1990;Edwards et al, 2001). Khazakhstania was located on the equatorial belt of the Gondwana (Scotese, 2010).…”

Section: Stratigraphic Bearings Of the Plant Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This phytogeographic unit is mostly documented by Welsh and South American floras. It is characterized by the dominance of plants of rhyniophytoid architecture (Raymond et al, 2006), some of them exhibiting reniform dehiscent sporangia (Edwards, 1970;Edwards et al, 2001;Gonez and Gerrienne, 2010a); and the occasional presence of zosterophylls. Our assemblage also contains occasional zosterophylls and plants of rhyniophytoid architecture, with reniform and dehiscent sporangia, Aberlemnia-type.…”

Section: Floras From South Laurussia-norwestmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The oldest flora of the South China Block, and the stratigraphic bearings of the plant remains from the Ngoc Vung Series, northern Vietnam

Gonez

Huu

Hoa

et al. 2012

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Stratigraphic Bearings Of the Plant Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Floras From South Laurussia-norwestmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The oldest flora of the South China Block, and the stratigraphic bearings of the plant remains from the Ngoc Vung Series, northern Vietnam

Gonez

Huu

Hoa

et al. 2012

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences

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“…As this supercontinent straddled the South Pole in MidPalaeozoic times, it has the potential to provide information on high-latitude vegetation, to some extent realized by descriptions of Silurian plants from Bolivia (Edwards et al 2001a) and Lochkovian and later assemblages from Brazil and Argentina (Edwards et al 2001b). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant assemblages from SW Gondwana: further evidence for high-latitude vegetation in the Devonian of Argentina

Edwards

Poiré

Morel

et al. 2009

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Plant assemblages are described from the Talacasto and Punta Negra Formations, San Juan Province, the Argentine Precordillera. A detailed facies study involving trace fossil assemblages indicates that the plants were buried in shallow low-to high-energy marine environments, but not in turbidites as previously postulated. Apart from a single specimen resembling Cooksonia from the Lochkovian Talacasto Formation, the abundant compression fossils consist of short lengths of smooth axes, occasional defoliated lycopod stems, and very rare isolated sporangia. It is thus impossible to assign any to existing taxa with confidence nor are there sufficient distinguishing characters to erect new ones. Although the possible age of the formations in the Precordillera remains conjectural, the fossils themselves, even preserved in such fragmentary states, indicate much lower grades of organization than seen in coeval assemblages elsewhere, particularly on the Laurussian and South China palaeocontinents. Palaeocontinental reconstructions of Gondwana indicate that the localities are within 308 of the palaeo South Pole. Thus a global latitudinal gradient in vegetation is postulated for the Early Devonian with decreasing disparity and diversity at higher latitudes. An explanation for the latter is explored in terms of light regime and temperature in highly stressed environments.

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“…Probable Ludlow examples from the Kirusillas Formation exposed at Sella in theTarija area of southern Bolivia (Figs 1 & 2) include taxa (e.g. Cooksonia) at a similar grade of organization to those found in coeval strata of Laurussia (Edwards et al 2001), but a more reliably dated and far more diverse Ludlow assemblage (Toro et al 1996) from the more northerly Cochabamba region of central Bolivia is reported to include taxa such as Rhynia, Zosterophyllum and Drepanophycus that occur much later at lower palaeolatitudes. Such a discrepancy in this latter report demanded further investigation and, as part of a collaborative multidisciplinary venture between palaeobotanists and sedimentologists from La Plata, Argentina and Cardiff, UK, new collections of both plant and animal fossils were made at a number of localities to the east of Cochabamba.…”

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confidence: 99%

Enigmatic fossils from the Upper Silurian of Bolivia: evidence for marine productivity in high-latitude Gondwana

Edwards

Axe

Poiré

et al. 2009

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Specimens collected recently from the Las Carmelitas facies of the Kirusillas Formation exposed in the Cochabamba area, Bolivia and dated as Ludlow (Late Silurian) by graptolites, show bedding surfaces almost completely covered by coalified compressions and impressions. The majority comprise mixtures of fragmented amorphous, unidentifiable material (‘debris’), but some horizons are dominated by well-defined morphological entities with a particular type or combination of types confined to a particular layer. In all, five morphotypes have been circumscribed, but their affinities, based on a comprehensive review of the possibilities, remain conjectural. Algal affinities are suggested tentatively for abundant, unbranched, narrow, strap-shaped fossils lacking any further diagnostic features and the numerous coalified discs or three-dimensionally preserved spheres (?leiosphaerid acritarchs) occurring isolated in the matrix or, less often, in clusters. Following a discussion on the recognition of faecal pellets in the fossil record, it is postulated that elliptical, spiral or simply segmented structures may be the excreta of planktonic or benthic metazoans, although the latter seems less likely in view of the proposed anoxic depositional environment of the shales that lack any bioturbation. Such coalified remains, whether from primary producers or grazers, indicate high productivity at high palaeolatitudes in the late Silurian continental seas in this region of peri-Gondwana.

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Plant assemblages from the Silurian of southern Bolivia and their palaeogeographic significance

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

The oldest flora of the South China Block, and the stratigraphic bearings of the plant remains from the Ngoc Vung Series, northern Vietnam

The oldest flora of the South China Block, and the stratigraphic bearings of the plant remains from the Ngoc Vung Series, northern Vietnam

Plant assemblages from SW Gondwana: further evidence for high-latitude vegetation in the Devonian of Argentina

Enigmatic fossils from the Upper Silurian of Bolivia: evidence for marine productivity in high-latitude Gondwana

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