Plant Analysis as an Aid in Fertilizing Forage Crops

Kelling, K. A.; Matocha, J. E.

doi:10.2136/sssabookser3.3ed.c23

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Despite the relatively greater N fertilization levels evaluated in this current study, shoot N concentrations were similar to other studies with Tifton 85 under lower N inputs (Quaresma et al, 2011;Silveira et al, 2015). According to Kelling and Matocha (1990), bermudagrass is considered to be in a satisfactory level of nutrition when shoot N ranges from 22 to 30 g kg −1 of N. These levels of shoot N were only obtained when Tifton 85 was fertilized with N levels >180 kg N ha −1 harvest −1 (Table 1). However, shoot N concentrations reported in the current study were above the critical level of 11 g N kg −1 suggested by Milford and Minson (1966) as the threshold that can reduce hay consumption by ruminants.…”

Section: Shoot N Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 86%

Growth, Herbage Accumulation, and Nutritive Value of ‘Tifton 85’ Bermudagrass as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization Strategies

et al. 2017

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Nitrogen fertilization affects ‘Tifton 85’ bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) herbage accumulation (HA) and nutritive value; however, forage response may be affected by N fertilizer source, application levels, and environmental conditions. This 2‐yr study evaluated the effect of different N fertilization strategies on Tifton 85 bermudagrass responses in a tropical soil from southeast Brazil. Treatments were two N sources (ammonium nitrate [AN] and urea) applied at 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg N ha−1 harvest−1. Fertilizer sources were enriched with 15N to quantify the recovery of fertilizer‐derived N. Forage was harvested at 30‐d intervals to evaluate HA and shoot N concentration. Leaf area index (LAI), intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PARi), and chlorophyll index were measured 1 d before harvest. Ammonium nitrate and urea resulted in similar Tifton 85 HA. Maximum Tifton 85 HA (4.6 Mg ha−1) was reached at the fertilization level of 210 kg N ha−1 harvest−1 while critical shoot N concentration, herein defined at 90% relative production, was 23.7 g kg−1. Similarly, critical PARi and LAI were 71% and 4.7 m2 m−2, respectively. Nitrogen recovery in the plant and soil was greater for urea (52%) than AN (41%). Despite the relatively greater shoot N accumulation, N recovery decreased as N levels increased. Nitrogen application level should be adjusted to optimize HA, nutritive value, and N recovery.

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Section: Shoot N Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 86%

Growth, Herbage Accumulation, and Nutritive Value of ‘Tifton 85’ Bermudagrass as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization Strategies

et al. 2017

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“…* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. ns, not significant. Note-Critical shoot K concentration for tall fescue is 24-28 g kg −1 dry weight [47].…”

Section: Plant Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilisation Influences Growth, Rhizosphere Carboxylate Exudation and Mycorrhizal Colonisation in Temperate Perennial Pasture Grasses

et al. 2020

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Optimisation of potassium (K) use efficiency in pastures on sandy soil is challenging. We characterised growth response, root carboxylate exudation and mycorrhizal colonisation in three perennial pasture grasses: tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.), veldt grass (Ehrharta calycina Sm.) and tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum L.) in two glasshouse experiments with: (1) four K rates (0, 40, 80 and 120 mg K kg‒1 soil), and (2) four N and K treatments (no N and K (–N–K), 81 mg N kg‒1 soil but no K, 80 mg K kg‒1 soil but no N, and N at 81 and K at 80 mg kg‒1 soil (+N+K)) in low-K sandy soil. Veldt grass had the highest shoot dry weight and shoot P content, but the lowest mycorrhizal colonisation. Potassium fertilisation had no significant impact on exudation of citrate and oxalate. The K0 plants had significantly lower exudation of acetate and total carboxylates than K40 plants. The +N+K plants had maximum shoot growth at both harvests (30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS)) and highest N and K shoot contents at 60 DAS. The –N–K plants exuded maximum amounts of citrate and malate at 30 DAS, but at 60 DAS tall fescue had the highest rhizosphere concentrations of citrate and malate in the +N+K treatment. At 60 DAS, mycorrhizal colonisation was significantly lower with than without N and K fertilisation. We concluded that pasture grasses could yield well even in inherently low-K soil without external K fertilisation and mycorrhizal symbiosis. However, the +N+K plants had the highest yield and root carboxylate exudation.

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“…This value is slightly over the superior limit (7 -15 mg kg -1 ) of the low P soil class, which was stablished in calibration insights with annual crops in the field (WERNER et al, 1996). However, when considering the values proposed by Kelling and Matocha (1990) ranging from 3 to 21 mg kg -1 , it might be inferred that the critical level obtained in our study lies in the praised range aiming to execute a phosphorus fertilization with precision and sustainability. Shoot dry matter (g/pot) The P shoot content associated to the soi P level was 2.4 g kg -1 P which lies in the range 1.5 -3.0 g kg -1 considered adequate for Cynodon cultivars (WERNER et al, 1996) and, close to the critical level of 2.2 g kg -1 P for Coastal bermudagrass (HILLARD; HABY; HONS, 1992).…”

Section: Phosphorus Critical Levelmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The Gafsa rock phosphate present P content value (Fig. 3a), at the first harvest, lower than the considered adequate 1.5 to 3.0 g kg -1 P for Cynodon grasses (KELLING;MATOCHA, 1990;WERNER et al, 1996). In the second harvest, P sources were similar on shoot P content and it is in the range, 1.5 to 3.0 g kg -1 P, considered sufficient (KELLING;MATOCHA, 1990 Although no effect on C.P.…”

Section: Soil and Forage Attributesmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…3a), at the first harvest, lower than the considered adequate 1.5 to 3.0 g kg -1 P for Cynodon grasses (KELLING;MATOCHA, 1990;WERNER et al, 1996). In the second harvest, P sources were similar on shoot P content and it is in the range, 1.5 to 3.0 g kg -1 P, considered sufficient (KELLING;MATOCHA, 1990 Although no effect on C.P. were noticed when varying P sources differences on P rates were noted for the second (y =-0.0006x 2 +0.105x+10.7; R 2 =0.89; P <0.001) and third (y=-0.0003x 2 +0.072x+10.05; R 2 =0.99; P <0.001) harvest, as mentioned by Souza et al (1999) working with Brachiaria brizantha in a low fertility soil, after a 90 days growing period, also reported that phosphorus fertilization (P rates 50, 100 200 e 300 mg kg -1 as TS) resulted in an increase of C.P.…”

Section: Soil and Forage Attributesmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Phosphorus sources residual effects on Tifton 85 production and nutritive value cultivated in a tropical weathered soil¹

et al. 2020

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Acid reactions and low available phosphorus in tropical soils limit forage yield. The aim was to evaluate soil chemical characteristics pH, P and Mg, forage nutritive values, critical soil and plant P levels and the residual effect of each source. The experiment was in a greenhouse with a Rhodic Haplustox, loam texture. Experimental design was a 5 x 4 factorial with five replicates which phosphate fertilizers were triple superphosphate, reactive rock phosphates Gafsa and Arad, and fused magnesium phosphate powder and coarse, applied at rates of 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg kg-1 P and a control treatment without P. The effectiveness of rock phosphates increased due to their residual effect. The coarse fused magnesium phosphate resulted in the lowest efficiency. The P critical level in soil and plant were 18 mg kg-1 and 2.4 g kg-1, respectively. The increase of phosphorus rates provided an increase in crude protein content.

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Plant Analysis as an Aid in Fertilizing Forage Crops

Cited by 23 publications

References 110 publications

Growth, Herbage Accumulation, and Nutritive Value of ‘Tifton 85’ Bermudagrass as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization Strategies

Growth, Herbage Accumulation, and Nutritive Value of ‘Tifton 85’ Bermudagrass as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization Strategies

Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilisation Influences Growth, Rhizosphere Carboxylate Exudation and Mycorrhizal Colonisation in Temperate Perennial Pasture Grasses

Phosphorus sources residual effects on Tifton 85 production and nutritive value cultivated in a tropical weathered soil¹

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