Planning for the Progressive Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Worldwide

Rweyemamu, Mark M.; Roeder, P. L.; Mackay, D. K. J.; Sumption, Keith; Brownlie, Joe; Leforban, Yves

doi:10.1111/j.1865-1682.2007.01016.x

Cited by 75 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Vaccines therefore need to be custom-made to be effective. One approach to address the problem of antigenic variation in the various epidemiological clusters [2,44] would be the development of cross-serotype and intra-serotype chimeric vaccines [25]. The proposed strategy entails the development of chimeric FMDV by substituting antigenic-coding regions such as the external capsid proteins (1B-1D/2A) in an infectious genomelength cDNA clone of a suitable strain [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intra-serotype SAT2 chimeric foot-and-mouth disease vaccine protects cattle against FMDV challenge

Maree

Nsamba

Mutowembwa

et al. 2015

Vaccine

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The genetic diversity of the three Southern African Territories (SAT) types of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) reflects high antigenic variation, and indications are that vaccines targeting each SATspecific topotype may be needed. This has serious implications for control of FMD using vaccines as well as the choice of strains to include in regional antigen banks. Here, we investigated an intra-serotype chimeric virus, vSAT2 ZIM14 -SAT2, which was engineered by replacing the surface-exposed capsid-coding region (1B-1D/2A) of a SAT2 genome-length clone, pSAT2, with that of the field isolate, SAT2/ZIM/14/90. The chimeric FMDV produced by this technique was viable, grew to high titres and stably maintained the 1B-1D/2A sequence upon passage. Chemically inactivated, oil adjuvanted vaccines of both the chimeric and parental immunogens were used to vaccinate cattle. The serological response to vaccination showed the production of strong neutralizing antibody titres that correlated with protection against homologous FMDV challenge. We also predicted a good likelihood that cattle vaccinated with an intra-serotype chimeric vaccine would be protected against challenge with viruses that caused recent outbreaks in southern Africa. These results provide support that chimeric vaccines containing the external capsid of field isolates induce protective immune responses in FMD host species similar to the parental vaccine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although mortality rates are generally low, morbidity is high and in the event that an FMD outbreak occurs, it results in severe economic losses to the livestock industry, especially in FMD-free regions of the world [1][2][3]. The disease is widely distributed in the developing world, in particular Africa, Asia and South America [2,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra-serotype SAT2 chimeric foot-and-mouth disease vaccine protects cattle against FMDV challenge

Maree

Nsamba

Mutowembwa

et al. 2015

Vaccine

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“…In the wake of global eradication of rinderpest and the current effort to contain the spread of avian influenza, the progressive world-wide control of FMD must be regarded as a major contribution to the international public good [55]. Control of FMD is relevant, for protecting the livestock industries in developed countries and for livelihoods and income generation in the developing countries, where FMD is endemic.…”

Section: Road Map For Control and Prevention Of Fmd In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…National veterinary services and disease surveillance are important arms of successful FMD control programme(s). The strategy for the progressive control of FMD in the endemic settings should be based on a seven stage process [55] within a period of about 30 years, namely: (1) assessing and defining National FMD status; (2) undertaking vaccination and movement control; (3) suppressing virus transmission to achieve absence of clinical disease; (4) achieving freedom from FMD with vaccination in accordance with the OIE standards; (5) achieving freedom from FMD without vaccination in accordance with the OIE standards; (6) extending FMD free zones; and (7) maintaining FMD freedom. In the context of India, where as of now there is uncontrolled animal movement across the country, the Progressive control pathway (PCP) will require more time.…”

Section: Road Map For Control and Prevention Of Fmd In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot-and-mouth Disease: Global Status and Future Road Map for Control and Prevention in India

et al. 2012

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a transboundary, economically devastating and highly contagious viral disease of livestock, most importantly cattle, buffalo and pig. The disease also affects goats, sheep, wild ruminant species and elephants. The causative FMD virus is antigenically diverse having seven distinct serotypes and many variants within them. Being a single stranded RNA virus, it confirms the quasispecies nature with emergences and reemergences of different genetic lineages with altered antigenicity within the serotypes, making vaccination based control programme a high cost effective, time consuming and difficult to achieve. As per the OIE and FAO, the disease is a major threat to food security of the world, and particularly the countries having the disease are more prone to food insecurity. Further, FMD free status is an indicator of development, and all developed countries are free from it. The disease is endemic in India and three serotypes of the virus viz; O, A and Asia1 are circulating. Annual direct loss due to FMD in India has been estimated at Rs. 20,000 crores. Many countries in the world are now free from FMD with or without vaccination and presence of the disease in other neighboring countries is a major threat to them. Countries having FMD face trade barrier posed by FMD free countries, causing heavy economic loss to the livestock industry. Progressive control pathway has been developed by FAO for global eradication of FMD. Vaccination based FMD control programme is in operation in India which involves biannual vaccinations of all cattle and buffaloes in selected areas, regular active surveillance and antibody monitoring in vaccinated population with the objective of creating FMD free zones. At present, the disease occurrence, severity of the clinical disease and number of outbreaks have progressively and substantially declined in the control zones as a result of last 10 rounds of vaccination with an oil adjuvanted trivalent inactivated vaccine. In this review, FMD scenario in India and in the world is briefed. Besides, the measures taken for the control and eradication of this devastating disease is presented. Besides, the initial success achieved through the FMD control programme in India, a road map for the control and eradication of FMD at national level is discussed.

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“…The disease easily spreads to other countries and reaches epidemic proportions and their control including exclusion, requires cooperation between several countries (Rweyemamu et al, 2008b). FMD virus (FMDV) consists of a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome that belongs to the family Picornaviridae and encodes a large polyprotein, which cleaves into structural proteins and nonstructural proteins (Shao et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Foot and Mouth Disease serotypes in trade cattle sold in Kwara state, Nigeria

Olabode¹,

Kazeem²,

Raji³

et al. 2015

MJM

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Aims: Serological detection of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) serotype specific antibodies in trade cattle was conducted to determine occurrence of FMDV serotypes. Methodology and results: Cross-sectional study based on randomly sampled sera in cattle with unknown FMD vaccination history was carried out in five cattle markets in Kwara state over a period of 3 months (August-SeptemberOctober) in 2011. The sera were screened for antibodies to FMDV non-structural protein (NSP) using NS-Blocking ELISA Kit (PrioCHECK®) and serotype specific antibodies determined by a Solid-Phase Competitive ELISA. Out of 253 sera positive for FMDV serotypes, 74.3% (188) sera were from recovered and 25.7% (65 sera) infected trade cattle. The percentage serotype distribution was 18.6%, 46.6%, 21.3%, and 13.4% for serotype A, O, SAT1 and SAT2 respectively. However, combination of O and A, A and SAT2 as well as O and SAT2 occurred in some cattle. Serotype distribution according to location showed serotype O and SAT2 was highest in Ajasse and serotype A and SAT1 was highest in Bode Sadu and Ilesha baruba markets respectively. Conclusion, significance and impact study: Specific antibody detection confirmed FMD serotypes endemicity and ongoing infections in trade cattle within the Nigerian local markets. The identification of these circulating FMDV serotypes is necessary as a baseline for vaccination control strategy, in conjunction with international livestock trade regulation to enhance potentials of national dependence on beef exportation.

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Planning for the Progressive Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Worldwide

Cited by 75 publications

References 31 publications

Intra-serotype SAT2 chimeric foot-and-mouth disease vaccine protects cattle against FMDV challenge

Intra-serotype SAT2 chimeric foot-and-mouth disease vaccine protects cattle against FMDV challenge

Foot-and-mouth Disease: Global Status and Future Road Map for Control and Prevention in India

Occurrence of Foot and Mouth Disease serotypes in trade cattle sold in Kwara state, Nigeria

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