Planktonic and Benthic Foraminiferal Abundances and Their Ratios (P/B) as Expressions of Mid-Late Quaternary Changes in Water Mass Distribution and Flow Intensity

Abstract

To reveal changes in the oceanic environment on the continental slope adjacent to the Great Barrier Reef, east of Cairns (NE Australia), planktonic and benthic foraminiferal abundances were counted and planktonic percentages (P/B ratios) were determined in sediments from two sites. Counts of planktonic and benthic specimens per gram of sediment over the last glacial/interglacial cycle at the shallowest Site 821, located in a water depth of 212 m just below the core of Subtropical Lower Water, show high abundances in the last glacial compared with the Holocene interglacial. We interpret the apparent increase in abundances during the last glacial as mainly a consequence of fluctuations in the intensity of flow of Subtropical Lower Water along the outer shelf edge and upper slope. During the lowstand in sea level, the increased flow winnowed the sediments, concentrating the foraminiferal skeletons. The P/B ratios are low throughout, with the highest values occurring during the Holocene interglacial and glacial stage 2. This suggests that some upwelling might have occurred during glacial stage 2. The relatively deeper water Site 819 is located in 565.2 m of water in a zone of mixing between Subtropical Lower Water and Antarctic Intermediate Water. The studied record at this site represents middle to upper Quaternary sediments, but it was interrupted by a hiatus just above stage 15 (Alexander et al., this volume); stages 10 through 13 are missing. Below the hiatus (isotopic stages 15 through 21), the foraminiferal abundances are low, while above the hiatus, the highest abundances occur in isotopic stages 6 through 9. In addition, a major change in the P/B ratio occurs across the unconformity. Below the hiatus, the ratios are low and resemble the values of the top of Site 821; but above it, ratios rapidly fluctuate, with a tendency for high values during glacial periods. We interpret the changes across the hiatus as having been caused by a shift in the position of the mixing zone between subsurface Subtropical Lower Water and Antarctic Intermediate Water. The mixing zone of these watermasses was farther down the slope in isotopic stages 15 through 21. This is indicated by the low P/B ratios, similar to the values found in the top of Site 821, which presently is bathed in subtropical waters. Above the hiatus, the influence of Antarctic Intermediate Water increased, as inferred from the high P/B ratios. This watermass impinged higher on the slope during at least the last 350 k.y., and its flow was more intense.

Dissolução do carbonato na Bacia de Santos durante o último ciclo glacial (150 mil anos): registros micropaleontológicos, geoquímicos e sedimentares

“…Existem ainda outros fatores que podem influenciar a variação da razão B/P. Em um estudo realizado na Austrália o aumento da razão B/P foi associado a uma mudança de domínio de massa d'água ALEXANDER;DARLING, 1993). Os autores observaram que uma profundidade que anteriormente era dominada pela Água Subtropical Inferior passou a ser dominada pela Água Intermediária Antártica.…”