Plane wave GID topography of defects in lithium niobate after diffusion doping

Broadband waveguide quantum memory for entangled photons

“…The diffusion was performed at 1130°C during 150 h in an argon-atmosphere followed by a post treatment in oxygen (1 h) to get a full re-oxidization of the crystal. Tm occupies regular Li-sites when incorporated in CLN by diffusion 1 . The Tm in-diffusion leads to a 1/e-penetration depth of about 6.5 µm.…”

“…the possibility to encode quantum information into short optical pulses, allows increasing the number of temporal modes that can be stored during a given time. This enhances the flow of quantum information through a network and decreases the time needed to establish entanglement over a large distance using a quantum repeater 1,2 .…”

Reduced thermal decomposition of OH-free LiNbO3 substrates even in a dry gas atmosphere

“…The negative secondary ions of 1 H, 6 Li, 7 Li, 18 O, and 93 Nb were detected. For some samples, a secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) was performed to investigate the depth distribution of Li and Nb near the surface using a Cs 1 incident ion beam at 5.0 kV and 200 nA.…”

“…1,2 Like the proton exchange method at lower temperatures, thermal diffusion of Ti at high temperatures near the Curie temperature of LiNbO 3 is also a common method for forming the optical waveguide on the LiNbO 3 substrate. 3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] These high-temperature diffusion processes have been carried out under wet gas atmospheres, O 2 (and N 2 ), supplied via a water bubbler, in order to suppress a thermal outdiffusion of Li from the substrate surface. 3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] These high-temperature diffusion processes have been carried out under wet gas atmospheres, O 2 (and N 2 ), supplied via a water bubbler, in order to suppress a thermal outdiffusion of Li from the substrate surface.…”