Planar Near-Field Measurement of Digital Phased Arrays Using Near-Field Scan Plane Reconstruction

Sayers, A. E.; Dorsey, W. Mark; O'Haver, Kenneth W.; Valenzi, John A.

doi:10.1109/tap.2012.2194666

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For instance, considering a half-wavelength spaced ULA with 64 elements, the far-field range should satisfy

, which is basically too large for small-size devices like mobile phones or laptops even at the mmWave band. Thus, the SI channels may employ the near-field model, which has a spherical wavefront [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. In such a case, the SI channels highly depend on the placement of the transmit and receive arrays as well as the circumstances.…”

Section: System Model and Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, it can reflect the effects of two typical factors of antenna placement, i.e., the distance and angle between these two arrays, on the beamforming performance. With this antenna placement, the coefficient corresponding to the j th row and i th column of

is [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ].

where

is the distance between the i -th element of the transmit array and the j -th element of the receive array, and ρ is a constant for power normalization such that

and

.…”

Section: System Model and Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Beamforming Based Full-Duplex for Millimeter-Wave Communication

Liu

Xiao

Bai

et al. 2016

Sensors

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In this paper, we study beamforming based full-duplex (FD) systems in millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications. A joint transmission and reception (Tx/Rx) beamforming problem is formulated to maximize the achievable rate by mitigating self-interference (SI). Since the optimal solution is difficult to find due to the non-convexity of the objective function, suboptimal schemes are proposed in this paper. A low-complexity algorithm, which iteratively maximizes signal power while suppressing SI, is proposed and its convergence is proven. Moreover, two closed-form solutions, which do not require iterations, are also derived under minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE), zero-forcing (ZF), and maximum-ratio transmission (MRT) criteria. Performance evaluations show that the proposed iterative scheme converges fast (within only two iterations on average) and approaches an upper-bound performance, while the two closed-form solutions also achieve appealing performances, although there are noticeable differences from the upper bound depending on channel conditions. Interestingly, these three schemes show different robustness against the geometry of Tx/Rx antenna arrays and channel estimation errors.

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“…For instance, considering a half-wavelength spaced ULA with 64 elements, the far-field range should satisfy

Section: System Model and Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

is [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ].

where

is the distance between the i -th element of the transmit array and the j -th element of the receive array, and ρ is a constant for power normalization such that

and

.…”

Section: System Model and Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beamforming Based Full-Duplex for Millimeter-Wave Communication

Liu

Xiao

Bai

et al. 2016

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Integrating internal calibration circuits is one way to calibrate the RF branches [2], [3]. However, the over-the-air (OTA) test is an efficient way to calibrate the overall system [3]- [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many measurement techniques have been proposed in the literature and can be grouped in different ways, e.g. complex signal [4] or amplitude only measurements [6], single-element or multi-element probe calibration, near-field or far field region calibration, see a summary in [5], [8]. Fast and accurate OTA calibration method is essential for 5G phased array antenna development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Over-the-Air Phased Array Calibration Based on Measured Complex Array Signals

Zhang

Fan

Wang

et al. 2019

Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett.

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This letter presents an improved phased array calibration method based on measured complex array signals with one single probe. All the phased array elements are excited simultaneously in the measurement and only phase reverse of each element is required. The error on the 1st antenna element of the reference method is analysed, which shows it is accumulated as the array size increases. One more measurement with designed element phase settings is introduced to overcome the deficiency. The improved method shows only N + 1 measurements are required to calibrate N antenna elements accurately. Finally, a 4 × 8 antenna array composed of 4-ridged horn antennas operating at 3.5 GHz was measured to validate the effectiveness of the improved algorithm.

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“…In multicomponent module, this solution cannot be adopted when it is impossible to measure the temperature precisely. Novel measurement and calibration methods for phased array antennas, such as Near-field scanning method [17][18][19], REV (Rotating Electricity Vector) method [20][21][22][23][24], phased-shift measurement method [25], and mutual coupling measurement method [26], have been studied in recent years, all of which provide specific implementation procedures and experimental or simulative verification. However, without analysis of the system phase which varies with device moving, ambient temperature changes and corresponding solutions, real-time phase calibration still cannot be achieved [27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Precision Phase Shifting and Real-Time Calibration of Phased Arrays for Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Applications

Canwei¹,

Hu²,

Liu³

et al. 2019

PIER C

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The design and calibration of high-precision analog phase shifters are crucial issues for phased arrays interferometric passive millimeter-wave imaging systems. In this paper, a high-precision analog phase shifter is presented for phased arrays interferometric passive millimeter-wave security sensing applications, which realizes analog phase shifting function by controlling high-precision DAC (digital to analog conversion) with FPGA. It is known that pre-measured phase delay of a phased array channel is a prerequisite for beam pointing control. However, since many active devices are included in phased array channel link, the phase delay would be affected by various factors such as device moving and ambient temperature. So, high-precision phase shifting of phased arrays could be achieved only by measuring and calibrating phases when all components of the system are under normal working conditions. The algorithm proposed in this paper makes it possible to measure and calibrate phases when all sub-modules are integrated into the system, and each component is under normal working state, thus effectively avoiding the errors caused by environmental changes when the laboratory-measured results are put into practical use. Meanwhile, the algorithm is tested on Ka-band phased arrays interferometric passive millimeter-wave imaging system. It turns out that the phase accuracy of phased array channel can reach 5 • ± 1.5 • , and it only takes 2 minutes to complete the phase calibration of 256 arrays.

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Planar Near-Field Measurement of Digital Phased Arrays Using Near-Field Scan Plane Reconstruction

Cited by 24 publications

References 8 publications

Beamforming Based Full-Duplex for Millimeter-Wave Communication

Beamforming Based Full-Duplex for Millimeter-Wave Communication

Improved Over-the-Air Phased Array Calibration Based on Measured Complex Array Signals

High-Precision Phase Shifting and Real-Time Calibration of Phased Arrays for Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Applications

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