Placental transfer favours high avidity IgG antibodies

Avanzini, M; Pignatti, Patrizia; Chirico, G; Gasparoni, Antonella; Jalil, F; La, Hank

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1998.tb00972.x

Cited by 30 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…As expected [33], cord blood levels of IgG to SWA and SEA were correlated with maternal levels in both treatment groups with Spearman's coefficients ranging from 0.66-0.91, (p < 0.001) for all IgG isotypes (Figure 4), although there were some subtle differences, in keeping with recognised differences in transport across the placenta [34]. For example, in both the placebo and praziquantel groups, maternal levels of IgG3 to SWA were higher than cord blood levels and maternal levels of IgG1 to SEA were lower than cord blood levels (additional file 2).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

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Effect of praziquantel treatment of Schistosoma mansoni during pregnancy on immune responses to schistosome antigens among the offspring: results of a randomised, placebo-controlled trial

et al. 2011

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BackgroundOffspring of women with schistosomiasis may exhibit immune responsiveness to schistosomes due to in utero sensitisation or trans-placental transfer of antibodies. Praziquantel treatment during pregnancy boosts maternal immune responses to schistosome antigens and reduces worm burden. Effects of praziquantel treatment during pregnancy on responses among offspring are unknown.MethodsIn a trial of anthelminthic treatment during pregnancy in Uganda (ISRCTN32849447; http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN32849447/elliott), offspring of women with Schistosoma mansoni were examined for cytokine and antibody responses to schistosome worm (SWA) and egg (SEA) antigen, in cord blood and at age one year. Relationships to maternal responses and pre-treatment infection intensities were examined, and responses were compared between the offspring of women who did, or did not receive praziquantel treatment during pregnancy.ResultsOf 388 S. mansoni-infected women studied, samples were obtained at age one year from 215 of their infants. Stool examination for S. mansoni eggs was negative for all infants. Cord and infant samples were characterised by very low cytokine production in response to schistosome antigens with the exception of cord IL-10 responses, which were substantial. Cord and infant cytokine responses showed no association with maternal responses. As expected, cord blood levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) G to SWA and SEA were high and correlated with maternal antibodies. However, by age one year IgG levels had waned and were hardly detectable. Praziquantel treatment during pregnancy showed no effect on cytokine responses or antibodies levels to SWA or SEA either in cord blood or at age one year, except for IgG1 to SWA, which was elevated in infants of treated mothers, reflecting maternal levels. There was some evidence that maternal infection intensity was positively associated with cord blood IL-5 and IL-13 responses to SWA, and IL-5 responses to SEA, and that this association was modified by treatment with praziquantel.ConclusionsDespite strong effects on maternal infection intensity and maternal immune responses, praziquantel treatment of infected women during pregnancy had no effect on anti-schistosome immune responses among offspring by age one year. Whether the treatment will impact upon the offspring's responses on exposure to primary schistosome infection remains to be elucidated.Trial registrationISRCTN: ISRCTN32849447

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Levels of IgG antibodies against SWA and SEA in cord blood were high and their correlation with maternal antibodies was expected since IgG antibodies cross the placenta [33]. Cord blood IgG1 to SWA, in particular, was increased as a result of maternal treatment with praziquantel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of praziquantel treatment of Schistosoma mansoni during pregnancy on immune responses to schistosome antigens among the offspring: results of a randomised, placebo-controlled trial

et al. 2011

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“…Exclusive trapping of juveniles with low-avidity antibodies is a doubtful explanation for this pattern. It is also unlikely that the pattern results from selective transfer of low-avidity antibodies, because high-avidity antibodies tend to transfer more efficiently (Avanzini et al, 1998). Howev-er, it is possible that females with old infections have low titers and, thus, transfer fewer antibodies (Boulinier and Staszewski, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variation in Sin Nombre Virus Infections in Deer Mice: Preliminary Results

Dearing

Previtali

Jones

et al. 2009

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:The proportion of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) with recently acquired Sin Nombre virus (SNV) infections is an indicator of epizootic intensity and may be key in predicting outbreaks of hantavirus cardio-pulmonary syndrome in humans. We investigated whether incidence of recent infections was related to season, sex, reproductive status, or habitat disturbance. In May and September, 2006, we sampled 912 deer mice at six sites in Utah. We determined SNV antibody prevalence and estimated the number of recent infections with an avidity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibody prevalence in adults (n5735) was 22%, and putative maternal antibody prevalence in juveniles (n5177) was 7%. Sampling period explained a significant amount of the variance in the probability of recent infections, which were two times more common in May versus September. Additionally, prevalence of high-avidity maternal antibodies (i.e., from dams with older infections) in juveniles did not correspond to the antibody avidity patterns in adult females. In May, no juveniles had high-avidity antibodies compared to adult females (49%); in September, avidity could not be measured in juveniles because none were seropositive, despite large sample sizes (n584) and an 11% seroprevalence in adult females. Based on the results, coupled with those from the literature, we speculate that the majority of new infections may occur predominantly in the spring and that SNV may impair reproductive output of females.

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“…Antibodies of the IgG isotype begin to cross the placenta around gestational week 13 when the neonatal Fc receptor, FcRn, starts to be expressed on the placenta (25,26). Many qualities of the IgG antibodies may contribute to the efficiency of transplacental transfer, including IgG subclass, antibody avidity, and gestational stage (27)(28)(29). Placental transfer of antibodies is most efficient for the IgG1 subclass, followed by IgG4, IgG3, and IgG2 with decreasing efficiencies (25).…”

Section: Special Considerations For Design Of Maternal Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccines for Perinatal and Congenital Infections—How Close Are We?

Singh

Otero

et al. 2020

Front. Pediatr.

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Congenital and perinatal infections are transmitted from mother to infant during pregnancy across the placenta or during delivery. These infections not only cause pregnancy complications and still birth, but also result in an array of pediatric morbidities caused by physical deformities, neurodevelopmental delays, and impaired vision, mobility and hearing. Due to the burden of these conditions, congenital and perinatal infections may result in lifelong disability and profoundly impact an individual's ability to live to their fullest capacity. While there are vaccines to prevent congenital and perinatal rubella, varicella, and hepatitis B infections, many more are currently in development at various stages of progress. The spectrum of our efforts to understand and address these infections includes observational studies of natural history of disease, epidemiological evaluation of risk factors, immunogen design, preclinical research of protective immunity in animal models, and evaluation of promising candidates in vaccine trials. In this review we summarize this progress in vaccine development research for Cytomegalovirus, Group B Streptococcus, Herpes simplex virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Toxoplasma, Syphilis, and Zika virus congenital and perinatal infections. We then synthesize this evidence to examine how close we are to developing a vaccine for these infections, and highlight areas where research is still needed.

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Placental transfer favours high avidity IgG antibodies

Cited by 30 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of praziquantel treatment of Schistosoma mansoni during pregnancy on immune responses to schistosome antigens among the offspring: results of a randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Effect of praziquantel treatment of Schistosoma mansoni during pregnancy on immune responses to schistosome antigens among the offspring: results of a randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Seasonal Variation in Sin Nombre Virus Infections in Deer Mice: Preliminary Results

Vaccines for Perinatal and Congenital Infections—How Close Are We?

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