Placental-related diseases of pregnancy: involvement of oxidative stress and implications in human evolution

Jauniaux, Eric; Poston, Lucilla; Burton, Graham J.

doi:10.1093/humupd/dml016

Cited by 512 publications

(399 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…This would account for the dramatic differences in maternal and fetal concentrations of BCAA across our treatment groups. This alteration in AA release across the placenta due to melatonin supplementation may be independent of direct melatonergic pathways and could be related to the antioxidant properties of melatonin (Poeggeler et al, 1993;Juaniaux et al, 2006;Reiter et al, 2007), although further investigation is needed in this area of research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary melatonin supplementation alters uteroplacental amino acid flux during intrauterine growth restriction in ewes

Lemley

Camacho

Meyer

et al. 2013

Animal

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Dietary melatonin supplementation during mid-to late-gestation increased umbilical artery blood flow and caused disproportionate fetal growth. This melatonin-induced increase in umbilical artery blood flow may alter nutrient availability to the fetus, which may lead to alterations in fetal size. The objectives of the current experiment were to determine amino acid (AA) and glucose concentrations as well as AA and glucose flux across the uteroplacenta using a mid-to late-gestation model of intrauterine growth restriction supplemented with dietary melatonin as a 2 3 2 factorial design. At day 50 of gestation, 32 ewes were supplemented with 5 mg of melatonin (MEL) or no melatonin (CON) and were allocated to receive 100% (adequate; ADQ) or 60% (restricted; RES) of nutrient requirements. On day 130 of gestation, uterine and umbilical blood flows were determined via Doppler ultrasonography during a non-survival surgery. Blood samples were collected under general anesthesia from the maternal saphenous artery, gravid uterine vein, umbilical artery, and umbilical vein for AA analysis and glucose. Total a-AA concentrations in maternal artery and gravid uterine vein were decreased (P , 0.05) in RES v. ADQ fed ewes. Maternal arterial 2 venous difference in total a-AA was increased ( P < 0.01) in RES v. ADQ fed ewes, while total uterine a-AA flux was not different (P . 0.40) across all treatment groups. Fetal venous 2 arterial difference in total a-AA as well as uteroplacental flux of total a-AA were decreased (P , 0.05) in CON-RES v. CON-ADQ, and similar (P . 0.20) in MEL-RES v. CON-ADQ. Maternal concentrations and uterine flux of branched-chain AA (BCAA) were not different across all treatment groups; however, fetal uptake of BCAA was decreased (P , 0.05) in CON-RES v. CON-ADQ, and similar (P . 0.20) in MEL-RES v. CON-ADQ. Uterine uptake of glucose was not different (P > 0.08) across all treatment groups, while uteroplacental uptake of glucose was increased (P < 0.05) in RES v. ADQ ewes. In conclusion, maternal nutrient restriction increased maternal arterial 2 venous difference in total a-AA, while total uterine a-AA flux was unaffected by maternal nutrient restriction. Melatonin supplementation did not impact maternal serum concentrations or uterine flux of glucose or AA; however, melatonin did improve fetal BCAA uptake during maternal nutrient restriction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary melatonin supplementation alters uteroplacental amino acid flux during intrauterine growth restriction in ewes

Lemley

Camacho

Meyer

et al. 2013

Animal

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“…In this regard, there are clinical and experimental evidences that oxidative stress and/or low intake of antioxidant (Klemmensen et al, 2009) is involved in the etiopathogenesis of the most frequent disorders in the gestational period (Hubel, 1999;Myatt and Cui, 2004;Jauniaux et al, 2006). This study utilized multiparous sow to better comprehend the status of oxidative stress during different stages of reproduction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress status of highly prolific sows during gestation and lactation

Berchieri-Ronchi

Kim

Yan

et al. 2011

Animal

148

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Elevated oxidative stress is reported to be associated with pregnancy complications in highly prolific sows. Oxidative DNA damage and the antioxidant status were determined in blood samples collected during the course of gestation and lactation in multiparous sows. Blood samples were drawn from sows (n 5 5) on days 30, 60, 90 and 110 of gestation (G30, G60, G90 and G110, respectively), on day 3, 10 and 18 of lactation (L3, L10 and L18, respectively) and on day 5 of postweaning (W5). Lymphocytes were isolated from the fresh blood and cryopreserved in each time point. Lymphocyte DNA damage was analyzed by alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) to determine the single-and double-strand brakes and endogenous antioxidant concentrations using an HPLC system with UV detection. The comet assay showed elevated (P , 0.05) DNA damage (between 38% and 47%) throughout the gestational and lactational periods than during early gestation (G30; 21%). Plasma retinol concentration was reduced (P , 0.05) at the end of gestation (G110) compared with G30. Plasma a-tocopherol concentrations also showed a similar trend as to retinol. This study indicates that there is an increased systemic oxidative stress during late gestation and lactation, which are not fully recovered until the weaning compared with the G30, and that antioxidant nutrients in circulation substantially reduced in the mother pig at G110.

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“…Placenta-related disorders affect around one-third of pregnancies world-wide (Jauniaux et al 2006); examples include intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preeclampsia (PE), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and many cases of spontaneous miscarriage. Despite the differing pathologies of these disorders, each is associated with placental inflammation and oxidative stress (Burton & Jauniaux 2011), and possibly disturbed LC-PUFA delivery (Magnusson et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%