Maternal dietary omega-3 fatty acids and placental function

Jones, Megan; Mark, Peter J.; Waddell, Brendan J.

doi:10.1530/rep-13-0376

Cited by 106 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…This contrasts with our finding that maternal EPA levels increased by w300%, whereas maternal DHA levels were only increased by w65% in the n-3 PUFA group (Barden et al 2006). This suggests that placental EPA levels may be regulated independently of maternal levels, reflecting differences in placental uptake, accumulation or transfer of the two n-3 PUFAs (Jones et al 2014). Consistent with this view, we have recently shown that in rats, placental levels of EPA and DHA at term were increased as a result of n-3 PUFA supplementation by approximately two-and fourfold, respectively, compared with maternal levels which increased by 16-and threefold respectively (Jones et al 2013a).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Effects of maternal n-3 fatty acid supplementation on placental cytokines, pro-resolving lipid mediators and their precursors

Keelan¹,

Mas²,

D’Vaz³

et al. 2015

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The aim of this study was to determine whether supplementation with fish oil-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) during pregnancy modifies placental PUFA composition, the accumulation of specialised pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs, specifically resolvins (Rv), protectins (PD) and upstream precursors) and inflammatory gene expression. Placentas were collected from women (nZ51) enrolled in a randomised, placebo controlled trial of n-3 PUFA supplementation from 20-week gestation. Lipids were extracted for fatty acid analysis and SPMs were quantitated by mass spectrometry. Gene expression was determined by qRT-PCR. Using multiple regression analysis, data were correlated for placental n-3 PUFA and SPM levels with PUFA levels in maternal and cord blood erythrocytes. Supplementation with n-3 PUFAs increased placental docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels, but not eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels (P!0.05), and increased the levels of the SPM precursors 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid and 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (17-HDHA) by two-to threefold (P!0.0005). RvD1, 17R-RvD1, RvD2 and PD1 were detectable in all placentas, but concentrations were not significantly increased by n-3 PUFA supplementation. Placental DHA levels were positively associated with maternal and cord DHA levels (P!0.005), and with placental 17-HDHA concentrations (P!0.0001). Placental mRNA expression of PTGS2, IL1b, IL6 and IL10 was unaffected by n-3 PUFA supplementation, but TNFa expression was increased by 14-fold (P!0.05). We conclude that n-3 PUFA supplementation in pregnancy i) enhances placental accumulation of DHA and SPM precursors, ii) does not alter placental EPA levels, and iii) has no stimulatory effects on inflammatory gene expression. Further studies are required to ascertain the biological significance of SPMs in the placenta and the potential immunomodulatory effects of elevating placental SPM levels.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Effects of maternal n-3 fatty acid supplementation on placental cytokines, pro-resolving lipid mediators and their precursors

Keelan¹,

Mas²,

D’Vaz³

et al. 2015

Reproduction

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“…IUGR involves not only inadequate nutrient supply but also reduced oxygenation, which causes hypoxia that increases oxidative stress and triggers low-grade inflammation [11]. The antioxidant defense system in IUGR fetuses is weakened, exacerbating oxidative stress [12–14], which in turn aggravates the effects of IUGR [15]. Previous studies in sheep have shown that the deleterious effects of oxidative status at the fetoplacental unit may be prevented by the administration of antioxidant agents (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphenols and IUGR pregnancies: Maternal hydroxytyrosol supplementation improves prenatal and early-postnatal growth and metabolism of the offspring

Vázquez-Gómez¹,

García-Contreras²,

Torres-Rovira³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Hydroxytyrosol is a polyphenol with antioxidant, metabolism-regulatory, anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory properties. The present study aimed to determine whether supplementing the maternal diet with hydroxytyrosol during pregnancy can improve pre- and early post-natal developmental patterns and metabolic traits of the offspring. Experiment was performed in Iberian sows fed a restricted diet in order to increase the risk of IUGR. Ten sows were treated daily with 1.5 mg of hydroxytyrosol per kg of feed between Day 35 of pregnancy (30% of total gestational period) until delivery whilst 10 animals were left untreated as controls. Number and weight of offspring were assessed at birth, on post-natal Day 15 and at weaning (25 days-old). At weaning, body composition and plasma indexes of glucose and lipids were measured. Treatment with hydroxytyrosol was associated with higher mean birth weight, lower incidence of piglets with low birth weight. Afterwards, during the lactation period, piglets in the treated group showed a higher body-weight than control piglets; such effects were even stronger in the most prolific litters. These results suggest that maternal supplementation with hydroxytyrosol may improve pre- and early post-natal development of offspring in pregnancies at risk of IUGR.

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“…EPA, DPA, and DHA are usually referred to as n-3 long-chain PUFA (n-3 LCPUFA). A source of these long-chain fatty acids is required during pregnancy for fetal and placental development (reviewed by Mennitti et al 2015;Jones et al 2014). Maternal intake/status of n-3 LCPUFA during pregnancy and lactation has been found to positively impact maternal, infant, and child health in many systematic reviews (Yang et al 2013;Imhoff-Kunsch et al 2012;Larqué et al 2012;Horvath et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women who take n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements during pregnancy and lactation meet the recommended intake

Xiao-ming

Pakseresht

Wattar

et al. 2015

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Abstract:The aim of the current study was to estimate total intake and dietary sources of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentanoic (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and compare DHA intakes with the recommended intakes in a cohort of pregnant and lactating women. Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls and supplement intake questionnaires were collected from 600 women in the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) cohort at each trimester of pregnancy and 3 months postpartum. Dietary intake was estimated in 2 ways: by using a commercial software program and by using a database created for APrON. Only 27% of women during pregnancy and 25% at 3 months postpartum met the current European Union (EU) consensus recommendation for DHA. Seafood, fish, and seaweed products contributed to 79% of overall n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids intake from foods, with the majority from salmon. The estimated intake of DHA and EPA was similar between databases, but the estimated DPA intake was 20%-30% higher using the comprehensive database built for this study. Women who took a supplement containing DHA were 10.6 and 11.1 times more likely to meet the current EU consensus recommendation for pregnancy (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.952-16.07; P < 0.001) and postpartum (95% CI: 6.803-18.14; P < 0.001), respectively. Our results suggest that the majority of women in the cohort were not meeting the EU recommendation for DHA during pregnancy and lactation, but taking a supplement significantly improved the likelihood that they would meet recommendations.

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Maternal dietary omega-3 fatty acids and placental function

Abstract: The developing fetus requires substantial amounts of fatty acids to support rapid cellular growth and activity.

Cited by 106 publications

References 78 publications

Effects of maternal n-3 fatty acid supplementation on placental cytokines, pro-resolving lipid mediators and their precursors

Effects of maternal n-3 fatty acid supplementation on placental cytokines, pro-resolving lipid mediators and their precursors

Polyphenols and IUGR pregnancies: Maternal hydroxytyrosol supplementation improves prenatal and early-postnatal growth and metabolism of the offspring

Women who take n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements during pregnancy and lactation meet the recommended intake

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