Effects of maternal n-3 fatty acid supplementation on placental cytokines, pro-resolving lipid mediators and their precursors

Keelan, Jeffrey A.; Mas, Emilie; D’Vaz, Nina; Dunstan, Janet; Li, Shaofu; Barden, Anne; Mark, Peter J.; Waddell, Brendan J.; Prescott, Susan L.; Mori, Trevor A.

doi:10.1530/rep-14-0549

Cited by 84 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Placental RvD2 levels increased in mid- and late-pregnancy, whereas PD1, RvD1, and 17R-RvD1 were only increased in late pregnancy [26]. This study corroborates with the findings in human placental tissue described above [25] and supports the hypothesis that maternal omega-3 PUFA supplementation increases placental levels of SPM and SPM precursors, which could result in enhanced ability to modulate or resolve inflammation. Furthermore, while these studies highlight the placenta as a site for production or utilization of SPM, the mechanism for utilization, production, and/or transport of SPM by the placenta is still largely unexplored.…”

Section: Literature Reviewsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…A study by Keelan et al [25] assessed whether omega-3 supplementation during pregnancy modifies the fatty acid composition in the placenta and inflammatory gene expression, including transcripts for TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. In placental tissue, it was found that omega-3 and omega-6 LC-PUFA, SPM precursors, and SPM are present in measurable quantities.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was also found that SPM precursors 17-HDHA and 18-HEPE increased with supplementation, while SPM PD1, RvD1, 17R-RvD1, and RvD2 trended upward but did not reach significance. Most inflammatory gene transcripts assayed were not found to be affected by omega-3 PUFA supplementation, although TNF-α mRNA expression was increased in the omega-3 PUFA supplementation group [25]. These findings are potentially counterintuitive to expectation given that SPM regulate inflammation resolution, warranting further investigation.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several investigations have looked at SPM and SPM precursors in cord blood at the time of delivery [24,25], and one study examined lipid mediators in infants supplemented with parenteral lipid emulsions [28]. In the aforementioned study by Mozukewich et al [24] (see Section 3.2), umbilical cord blood was collected at delivery to examine the relationship between maternal SPM levels and fetal SPM levels.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of specialized pro-resolving mediators in maternal-fetal health

Elliott

Hanson

Anderson‐Berry

et al. 2017

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

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SUMMARY Infants developing in a pro-inflammatory intrauterine environment have a significant risk for severe complications after birth. It has been shown that omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation, and also reduce early preterm births and decrease risk of infant admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. However, the mechanism for omega-3 fatty acids exerting these effects was previously unknown. Recent evidence has shown that downstream products of polyunsaturated fatty acids called specialized pro-resolving mediators may mediate inflammatory physiology, thus playing an important role in maternal-fetal health. In this review, current knowledge relating to specialized pro-resolving mediators in pregnancy, delivery, and perinatal disease states will be summarized.

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Section: Literature Reviewsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The role of specialized pro-resolving mediators in maternal-fetal health

Elliott

Hanson

Anderson‐Berry

et al. 2017

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

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“…There are few data attesting to their formation in humans based on rigorous mass spectrometric methodology. Most clinical investigations reporting the formation of SPMs rely on immunoassays ( 21 ) or MS without synthetic internal standards structurally similar to the SPMs under investigation (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(29)(30)(31)(32), often in ex vivo stimulated systems ( 17,(33)(34)(35)(36).…”

Section: Blood (Rbc Membranes) For the Study High Doses Of Lovaza Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive products formed in humans from fish oils

Skarke

Alamuddin

Lawson

et al. 2015

Journal of Lipid Research

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The clinical cardiovascular utility of a diet rich in fi sh oils, particularly EPA and DHA, has been debated over the past 50 years ( 1-3 ). Large clinical outcome trials, such as the open-labeled GISSI-Prevenzione ( 4 ) or JELIS ( 5 ) studies, supported the notion that fi sh oil supplements confer therapeutic benefi t on patients with cardiovascular disease. However, an overview analysis of results of more than 50 randomized controlled trials and cohort studies addressing this question yielded equivocal results ( 6, 7 ). Consequently, the adoption of the dietary interventions with fi sh oil into clinical guidelines has been limited ( 8 ). Fish oil supplementation does infl uence a series of cardiovascular biomarkers: it decreases blood levels of triglycerides in patients with hypertriglyceridemia, an effect primarily driven by lowering the production of triglycerides from nonesterifi ed fatty acids ( 9 ); high doses reduce blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension ( 10, 11 ) and modestly inhibit indices of platelet activation ( 12 ). The mechanisms involved are unclear, but may involve a shift in formation of enzymatic and free radical-catalyzed prostanoids, refl ecting utilization of EPA and DHA rather than arachidonic acid (AA) as a substrate. It has been speculated also that cardiovascular benefi t might derive, in part, from anti-infl ammatory actions of fi sh oils: families of bioactive lipids which favor resolution of infl ammation have been suggested to be of particular importance ( 13 ). Synthetic versions of such specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), products of transcellular metabolism of fi sh oils, exert anti-infl ammatory effects in vitro and when administered in vivo in several animal models ( 14-17 ). Quantities Abstract Resolvins, maresins, and protectins can be formed from fi sh oils. These specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) have been implicated in the resolution of infl ammation. Synthetic versions of such SPMs exert anti-infl ammatory effects in vitro and when administered to animal models. However, their importance as endogenous products formed in suffi cient amounts to exert anti-infl ammatory actions in vivo remains speculative. We biased our ability to detect SPMs formed in healthy volunteers by supplementing fi sh oil in doses shown previously to infl uence blood pressure and platelet aggregation under placebo-controlled conditions. Additionally, we sought to determine the relative formation of SPMs during an acute infl ammatory response and its resolution, evoked in healthy volunteers by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Bioactive lipids, enzymatic epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), and free radical-catalyzed prostanoids [isoprostanes (iPs)] formed from arachidonic acid and the fi sh oils, served as comparators. Despite the clear shift from -6 to -3 EETs and iPs, we failed to detect a consistent signal, in most cases, of SPM formation in urine or plasma in response to fi sh oil, and in all cases in response to LPS on a background of fi sh oil. Our results que...

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