Placental essential fatty acid transport and prostaglandin synthesis

Kuhn, Douglas C.; Crawford, Michael

doi:10.1016/0163-7827(86)90072-x

Cited by 112 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In vivo studies in humans have confirmed that fatty acids derived from maternal TG are taken up by the placenta and released into the fetal circulation (Elphick et al, 1978). The fact that TG increases much more than the other esterified fractions with gestation suggests that this is the major source of esterified fatty acid for the placenta and this is consistent with the finding of Kuhn & Crawford (1986) that there was no detectable uptake from the maternal circulation of 14 C-labelled AA in the form of PL by the perfused human placenta.…”

Section: Maternalsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Lipase activity and the presence of lipoprotein receptors have only been reported on the microvillous membrane of the placenta, suggesting that the esterified fatty acids in the fetal circulation may not be available to the placenta for reuptake and there is some direct experimental evidence for this (Kuhn & Crawford, 1986). The preferential incorporation of PUFA/LCPUFA into exported esterified lipids in the placenta (Haggarty et al, 1997;Kuhn & Crawford, 1986) and possibly even the fetal liver (Carnielli et al, 1996) would effectively trap these fatty acids within the fetal circulation.…”

Section: Maternalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sensitivity of AA selectivity to the concentration in the maternal circulation means that both the absolute transfer rate of AA and the relative selectivity for this fatty acid is altered when the maternal concentration changes. The fact that this effect is specific to AA may be related to its important role as a precursor of the prostacyclins, prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes produced by the placenta (Kuhn & Crawford, 1986). Therefore, one possible explanation for the high sensitivity of transport to AA supply may be that the placenta has a minimum requirement for AA to produce these metabolites and that it is only when this requirement is met that the remaining AA becomes available for transfer to the fetal circulation.…”

Section: Interaction Of Placental Function With Maternal Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of placental function on fatty acid requirements during pregnancy

Haggarty¹

2004

Eur J Clin Nutr

186

156

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The fetus has an absolute requirement for the n-3/n-6 fatty acids and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3; DHA) in particular is essential for the development of the brain and retina. Most of the fat deposition in the fetus occurs in the last 10 weeks of pregnancy. The likely rate of DHA utilisation during late pregnancy cannot be met from dietary sources alone in a significant proportion of mothers. De novo synthesis makes up some of the shortfall but the available evidence suggests that the maternal adipose tissue makes a significant contribution to placental transport to the fetus. The placenta plays a crucial role in mobilising the maternal adipose tissue and actively concentrating and channelling the important n-3/n-6 fatty acids to the fetus via multiple mechanisms including selective uptake by the syncytiotrophoblast, intracellular metabolic channelling, and selective export to the fetal circulation. These mechanisms protect the fetus against low long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) intakes in the last trimester of pregnancy and have the effect of reducing the maternal dietary requirement for preformed DHA at this time. As a result of these adaptations, small changes in the composition of the habitual maternal diet before pregnancy are likely to be more effective in improving LCPUFA delivery to the fetus than large dietary changes in late pregnancy. There is little evidence that DHA intake/status in the second half of pregnancy affects visual and cognitive function in the offspring, but more studies are needed, particularly in children born to vegetarian and vegan and mothers who may have very low intakes of DHA.

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Section: Maternalsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Maternalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interaction Of Placental Function With Maternal Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of placental function on fatty acid requirements during pregnancy

Haggarty¹

2004

Eur J Clin Nutr

186

156

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“…In the first stages of prenatal development, the fetus preferably receives longchained ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids, which can be seen by the increase in AA and DHA rates in the fetus' blood, with the opposite being verified for the linoleic and linolenic acids. The concentration of DHA progressively increases from the mother to the child, getting to the child's brain through a selective process, which provides the developing organism with the necessary amounts of such substance (Kuhn and Crawford, 1968). The DHA amount in the mother's milk is variable, and depends on the mother's diet.…”

Section: Qidqw Ghyhorsphqwmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seafood as functional food

Soccol

Oetterer

2003

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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Functional food presents specific physiological properties, supplies nutrients and can be naturally found in formulated food or added to it. Seafood plays an important role in human diet, representing the largest stock available of w-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA). Scientific researchers have intensified their studies on fatty acids due to their importance in preventing and/or curing diseases, especially cardiovascular and inflammatory ones. This review describes the most important aspects of w-3 fatty acids found in fish, as well as their roles in the mechanism involved in the prevention and control of diseases.
O pescado é um importante constituinte da dieta humana e possui a maior reserva de ácidos graxos polinsaturados, especialmente o eicosapentanóico (EPA) e o docosahexanóico (DHA) da série w-3. Têm-se intensificado as pesquisas científicas a respeito desses ácidos graxos por estes estarem envolvidos na prevenção e/ou cura de doenças, principalmente cardiovasculares e inflamatórias. Esta revisão teve como objetivo discutir os aspectos mais importantes dos ácidos graxos w-3 presentes no pescado, bem como, os seus mecanismos de ação, envolvidos na prevenção e controle de doenças

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“…Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) constitute a large proportion of the total lipids in brain and retina and their accretion primarily occurs during the last trimester of pregnancy and the first year of life (Clandinin et al 1980a, b). Fetal accretion of LCP may result from placental transfer (Kuhn & Crawford, 1986). Postnatally, human milk provides the breast fed infant with preformed AA and DHA.…”

Section: Lipids L O N G C H a I N P O L Y U N S A T U R A T E D F A Tmentioning

confidence: 99%