Place crowd safety, crowd science? Case studies and application

Still, Keith; Papalexi, Marina; Fan, Yiyi; Bamford, David

doi:10.1108/jpmd-10-2019-0090

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Crowd science is an emerging field of research that offers a systematic approach to risk analysis and place crowd safety in congested places of public assembly ( Still et al, 2020 ). Whilst the focus of much research in this area has been on major events, such as sports or music festivals, many of the techniques developed can be applied to the problem of social distancing in town centre environments and at a more limited spatial scale, such as store environments.…”

Section: Theoretical Underpinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

How safe is it to shop? Estimating the amount of space needed to safely social distance in various retail environments

et al. 2020

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Highlights We explore the problem of capacity for social distancing across various retail environments. We provide guidance to managers as lockdown eases and establishments are allowed to reopen. The paper identifies the minimum amount of space needed per person in different scenarios. We estimate the optimal capacity for retailers to provide a safe environment for shoppers.

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Section: Theoretical Underpinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

How safe is it to shop? Estimating the amount of space needed to safely social distance in various retail environments

et al. 2020

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“…In the first step, the maximum crowding level is identified by previous studies, and the maximum density of moving crowds over which high risk situations can arise is equal to five people per square meter (Still, 2011;Still et al, 2020). On the other hand, the reference escape time (T R ) is defined through the analysis of national prescriptive regulations, considered as the maximum time for the effectiveness of the safety measures required.…”

Section: Crowd Simulation Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward cognitive digital twins using a BIM-GIS asset management system for a diffused university

Meschini

Pellegrini

Locatelli

et al. 2022

Front. Built Environ.

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The integrated use of building information modeling (BIM) and geographic information system (GIS) is promising for the development of asset management systems (AMSs) for operation and maintenance (O&M) in smart university campuses. The combination of BIM-GIS with cognitive digital twins (CDTs) can further facilitate the management of complex systems such as university building stock. CDTs enable buildings to behave as autonomous entities, dynamically reacting to environmental changes. Timely decisions based on the actual conditions of buildings and surroundings can be provided, both in emergency scenarios or when optimized and adaptive performances are required. The research aims to develop a BIM-GIS-based AMS for improving user experience and enabling the optimal use of resources in the O&M phase of an Italian university. Campuses are complex assets, mainly diffused with buildings spread across the territory, managed with still document-based and fragmented databases handled by several subjects. This results in incomplete and asymmetrical information, often leading to ineffective and untimely decisions. The paper presents a methodology for the development of a BIM-GIS web-based platform (i.e., AMS-app) providing the real-time visualization of the asset in an interactive 3D map connected to analytical dashboards for management support. Two buildings of the University of Turin are adopted as demonstrators, illustrating the development of an easily accessible, centralized database by integrating spatial and functional data, useful also to develop future CDTs. As a first attempt to show the AMS app potential, crowd simulations have been conducted to understand the buildings’ actual level of safety in case of fire emergency and demonstrate how CDTs could improve it. The identification of data needed, also gathered through the future implementation of suitable sensors and Internet of Things networks, is the core issue together with the definition of effective asset visualization and monitoring methods. Future developments will explore the integration of artificial intelligence and immersive technologies to enable space use optimization and real-time wayfinding during evacuation, exploiting digital tools to alert and drive users or authorities for safety improvement. The ability to easily optimize the paths with respect to the actual occupancy and conditions of both the asset and surroundings will be enabled.

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“…Still et al [17] presented an implementation report of a crowd safety management tool for the places where there is public assembly and a significant event. This tool provides insight into strategic planning to reduce the potential threats to crowd safety.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modelling and Scheduling Tool for Crowd Movement in Complex Network

Felemban¹,

Rehman²,

Ahmad³

et al. 2022

Intelligent Automation &Amp; Soft Computing

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Managing events pose a unique challenge to the stakeholders and authorities to control the crowd in all three phases of the event (pre, during and post), ensuring crowd safety. One of the fundamental keys to provide crowd safety is to consider the mobility infrastructure hosting the crowd, i.e., routes, areas, entrances and exits. During Hajj, where millions of pilgrims worldwide fulfil the annual event's rites, mina encampment incorporates pilgrims performing recurring stoning ritual conducted over multi-level Jamarat bridge. Pilgrims mobility through the available complex road network, to and back from the Jamarat bridge, forces upon authorities in charge to set out mobility plans which may require off and on modification as per attendees' preferences and organizational needs. This paper presents a basis for mathematical modelling of pilgrims' mobility pattern in Mina by considering available corridors' capacity, limited times, group size restrictions, and road segment connectivity. The developed mathematical model can generate an efficient schedule to control the flow through these corridors, assess crowd management risks when corridors' capacity is affected by any emergency, and scientifically estimate each corridor's maximum allowable occupants

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Place crowd safety, crowd science? Case studies and application

Cited by 22 publications

References 30 publications

How safe is it to shop? Estimating the amount of space needed to safely social distance in various retail environments

How safe is it to shop? Estimating the amount of space needed to safely social distance in various retail environments

Toward cognitive digital twins using a BIM-GIS asset management system for a diffused university

A Modelling and Scheduling Tool for Crowd Movement in Complex Network

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